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History (Tudors - Henry VIII 1509-1547) > Henry VIII, Government And Parliament > Flashcards

Henry VIII, Government And Parliament Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the 2 main functions of government of Parliament during Henry VIII’s reign?

A

To grant extraordinary revenue and pass laws

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2
Q

When were the 4 occasions Parliament was called by Henry before 1529?

A

1510, 1512, 1515 and 1523

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3
Q

What did the Parliament of 1510 do?

A

Abolish the Council Learned in the Law

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4
Q

What did the Parliament of Feb 1512 to March 1514 do?

A

Provide extraordinary revenue for invasion of France and Scotland; Anticlerical Act restrictions on clergy benefits

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5
Q

What did the Parliament do in 1515?

A

Produced an Act to restrict benefits of the clergy

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6
Q

What did the Parliament of 1523 do?

A

Provide extraordinary revenue for invasion of France. Sir Thomas More plea for freedom of speech for MPs.

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7
Q

Why did the conciliar form of government of 1509 to 1514 come to an end? (4 reasons)

A
  • Reluctance of his father’s senior councillors to support war with France
  • Henry started to control decision-making
  • Surrounded himself with like-minded courtiers
  • Became impressed of Thomas Wolsey with the effective management of French invasion
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8
Q

What were Wolsey’s 3 main concerns?

A

The legal system, formulation of domestic policy and political decision-making

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9
Q

What did Wolsey do with the Privy Chamber in 1519?

A

Replaced the Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber with his own supporters

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10
Q

Did the minions recover their positions in the Privy Chamber after Wolsey removed them?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What did Wolsey get to do as Lord Chancellor of the legal system?

A

Preside over the court of chancery and use the court to uphold fair justice

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12
Q

What did Wolsey do with the Court of Star Chamber?

A

To increase cheap and fair justice from 1516 onwards

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13
Q

When did a permanent committee get set up to deal with cases involving the poor?

A

1519

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14
Q

How did Wolsey change the way subsidies were collected?

A

Instead of using local commissioners he set up a national committee which he headed to make the nation’s revenue more realistic

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15
Q

How did Wolsey attempt to raise unparliamentary taxation in 1525 for insufficient amount of extraordinary revenue raised for an invasion of France?

A

Through the ‘Amicable Grant’

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16
Q

Why did Wolsey introduce the Eltham Ordinances and when?

A

To reform finances of the Privy Council in 1526

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17
Q

What did Wolsey do in the Eltham Ordinances?

A

Reduced number of the Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber and secured replacement of the Groom of the Stool, Sir William Compton, with the compliant Henry Norris

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18
Q

What were the long term and short term impacts with resolving ‘the King’s Great Matter’?

A

Long term impact was the establishment of royal supremacy, the short term was the downfall of Wolsey

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19
Q

Why did Henry want to use a papal dispensation to annul his marriage with Catherine of Aragon?

A

Because he had fallen in love with Anne Boleyn

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20
Q

How did Henry argue for the annulment?

A

By saying the marriage was invalid due to Catherine of Aragon marrying his brother, Arthur

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21
Q

What did Catherine of Aragon argue about her marriage to Arthur?

A

It was never consummated and therefore a biblical ban didn’t apply

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22
Q

What did Wolsey do in May 1527, which Catherine refused with canon law?

A

That Henry lived in sin with his supposed wife, which he admitted before a fake court

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23
Q

When did the hearing open to decide whether the annulment was definite?

A

15th June 1529

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24
Q

When was the hearing on the annulment adjourned?

A

30th July 1529

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25
Q

When did Wolsey get charged with a praemunire and give all his possessions to the King?

A

October 1529

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26
Q

When did Wolsey get arrested, and then executed?

A

4th November 1530, executed on 29th November 1530

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27
Q

What did Cromwell suggest to Henry about Rome?

A

To break with Rome and become head of an English Church

28
Q

Who was hostile to Cromwell’s religious reforms?

A

Duke of Norfolk

29
Q

What did Cromwell diminish?

A

The role of the royal household

30
Q

What did Cromwell increase the importance of?

A

His position within the royal household, the developing state bureaucracy and Parliament

31
Q

What period did the Parliament grow in importance? What was this period called?

A

1529 to 1536, called the ‘Reformation Parliament’

32
Q

How did humanist criticisms Erasmus and Colet effect the Church?

A

Made it weaker as an institution

33
Q

What did the lawyer Christopher St German challenge in 1528?

A

The Church’s claim to legal supremacy

34
Q

Who made the Collectanea Satis Copiosa? And what did it justify?

A

Thomas Cranmer and Edward Foxe, it justified the king’s divorce legally

35
Q

What was the clergy accused of in 1531?

A

Praemunire, fined for this

36
Q

What was the significance of the Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates?

A

Increased pressure on the papacy by withholding the first year’s income of a bishop’s office

37
Q

What increased the anticlerical pressure within the House of Commons? When was this measure implemented?

A

Supplication against the Ordinaries in 1532

38
Q

Who resigned due to the Submission of the Clergy in 1532?

A

Sir Thomas More as Lord Chancellor

39
Q

When did Anne Boleyn and Henry marry in a secret ceremony?

A

25th January 1533

40
Q

How did Anne Boleyn force the annulment issue?

A

By having sexual relations with Henry

41
Q

When was Henry and Catherine’s marriage annulled by Archbishop Cranmer?

A

May 1533

42
Q

When did Princess Elizabeth get birthed?

A

7th September 1533

43
Q

Who died as Archbishop of Canterbury, and replaced with Thomas Cranmer?

A

William Warham

44
Q

When did The Act in Restraint of Appeals get drafted by Cromwell?

A

April 1533

45
Q

What did the Act in Restraint of Appeals do?

A

Appeals couldn’t be made to Rome about Church court decisions, meaning that Catherine couldn’t appeal to Rome against the annulment

46
Q

What 4 things did the Act of Succession declare?

A
  • Henry’s marriage to Catherine was void
  • Succession to children of his and Anne Boleyn
  • Denies validity of Henry’s marriage to Anne being treasonable
  • Oath to affirm an individual’s acceptance of the new marriage
47
Q

When did the Act of Supremacy get established? And what did it do?

A

November 1534, which gave legislative force to royal supremacy

48
Q

What was the Act in November 1534 which would accuse you of treason if you critiqued the King?

A

The Treason Act

49
Q

What was the Act which made the Annates of a bishop get paid to the King instead of the Pope? And what was the consequence of this?

A

The Act Annexing First Fruits and Tenths to the Crown (November 1534)
Financially burdened the clergy and strengthened the royal supremacy, relationship of England and Rome got smashed to pieces.

50
Q

What policy began in 1536 and ended in 1542?

A

Dissolution of the monasteries

51
Q

How did the dissolution of the monasteries help the Crown?

A

Increased the Crown’s wealth

52
Q

Why did Anne Boleyn lose power and see a downfall?

A

Because conservatives persuaded Henry that she had committed adultery

53
Q

When was Anne Boleyn executed?

A

19th May 1536

54
Q

What was the catalyst of Cromwell’s downfall?

A

Failing to manage the king’s marital affairs

55
Q

In which year was Edward birthed by Jane Seymour?

A

1537

56
Q

How did Cromwell try to reconcile with Henry in 1540?

A

The League of Schmalkalden

57
Q

When was Cromwell executed?

A

28th July 1540

58
Q

When did Henry and Catholic Catherine Howard marry?

A

28th July 1540

59
Q

What saw an emergence due to the fall of Cromwell?

A

Privy Council with fixed membership

60
Q

Who was Catherine Howard related to who had power during Henry’s reign?

A

Duke of Norfolk

61
Q

Why did Catherine Howard get executed?

A

Because she had sexual experience before marrying Henry

62
Q

When did Catherine Howard get executed?

A

13th February 1542

63
Q

Which religion was Katherine Parr in support of?

A

Protestantism

64
Q

Who was Duke of Norfolk’s rival?

A

Edward Seymour

65
Q

What happened to The Duke of Norfolk?

A

Due to being spared from the king’s death he was imprisoned in the Tower

History (Tudors - Henry VIII 1509-1547) (6 decks)

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