English Society In The Reign Of Henry VIII Flashcards
How much did the nobility increase in members from the start to the end of Henry’s reign?
9 more peers
How did new nobility mainly get to that status?
Royal service and courtiers
Why was Suffolk given property in 1536?
The rebellion in Lincolnshire
Who was endowed with land in Devon due to being raised to the nobility?
John, Baron Russell
Why did Henry often give nobles property?
To exercise royal authority
What did noble households remain critical?
Maintenance of local influence and royal army recruitment
How was bastard feudalism dying?
It became more under the control of the monarch
Who was executed in 1541 for the murder of a neighbour’s servant?
Thomas Fiennes, Baron Dacre of the South
When was the Duke of Buckingham executed?
1521
When were Henry’s relatives, Henry Courtenay and Henry Pole Baron Montague, get executed?
1538
Why did Lord Darcy and Hussey die?
For their roles in the rebellion of 1536
How many gentry families, according to John Guy, were there in 1540?
5000
How was the status of the gentry certified?
Royal heralds
What did your income have to be after 1530 to be granted status of the gentry?
Lands worth £10 or more per annum or goods worth £300 or more
What did members of the gentry want their sons to acquire to take over their role?
Legal training
How did some laymen become members of the gentry?
Unpaid local administrators
What made commoners create outbreaks of disorder?
Drop in real incomes from inflation and the Amicable Grant
Was Wales a separate territory from England before 1536?
Yes
What did the Welsh compromise due to being under English control?
Border lordships and the Principality of Wales
What did the Laws in Wales Act of 1536 do?
- Divided Wales into shire counties
- Gave Welsh direct representation in the House of Commons
- brought Wales into the same legal framework as England
What were the 3 counties, Lancashire, Cheshire and Durham? What did it mean to be in one of these?
The English Palatinates, they had a separate jurisdiction
What act in 1536 reduced the independence of the bishops?
The Act Resuming Liberties to the Crown
Which 4 bordering counties in England came under the jurisdiction of the Council of Wales and the Marches?
Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire
What was common on the Anglo-Scottish border?
Lawlessness
What governed the Anglo-Welsh border?
The Principality of Wales
How many wardens were on the Anglo-Scottish border, each controlling one part of the border?
3
Why did Cromwell re-establish the Council of the North?
The Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536
Who was executed due to denying the royal supremacy of the Church?
Sir Thomas More
What did the royal injunctions of 1536 do?
Attacked practices of Catholicism, such as holy days, pilgrimages and veneration of relics
What caused the Lincolnshire Rising and Pilgrimage of Grace of 1536?
Royal injunctions of 1536
What were the 4 long lasting social consequences of the religious upheaval in 1536?
- Huge amount of Church land taken by the Crown
- Monastic schools were lost
- Monks and nuns rendered unemployed
- Dissolution of the Monasteries
How much of Church lands acquired by the Crown were sold off?
Two-thirds
Where was the strongest resistance to the Amicable Grant?
South Suffolk and north Essex
How many taxation resisters of the Amicable Grant were reported in Essex, and reported by the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk overall?
5000
What did the rebellion of the Amicable Grant teach Henry?
He couldn’t operate in defiance of the tax paying classes
When did the Lincolnshire Rising start?
October 1536
Where did the Lincolnshire Rising and Pilgrimage of Grace happen in 1536?
Lincolnshire, West Riding of Yorkshire, East Riding of Yorkshire for Lincolnshire Rising
Rip on and Richmond, north Lancashire, Durham and the West Riding of Yorkshire for the Pilgrimage of Grace
Where did the rebellion revive in early 1537?
Cumberland
What were the 2 religious motives of the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536?
- Dissolution of the monasteries
- Fear for parish churches and traditional religious practices
Why did rebels find the dissolution of the monasteries undesirable?
Loss of charity and education, parish churches, increase of impoverishment, usefulness of the facilities of the monasteries
What were seen as attacking traditional religious practices?
1536 royal injunctions
What were 4 secular motives of the rebellions in 1536?
- Economic grievances of ordinary rebels more than their leaders
- Crown’s attempts to impose Duke of Suffolk upon Lincolnshire
- The courtly conspiracy prompted by councillors who were supporters of Catherine of Aragon
- Tenants’ grievances in Cumberland and Westmorland
How did the Lincolnshire Rising collapse?
The Duke of Norfolk’s forces
How did the Duke of Norfolk defuse the rebellion in Doncaster in 1536?
Issued a pardon and restore dissolved monasteries and a free Parliament was established
How did Norfolk resolve the renewal of rebellion in February 1537?
Hanged 74 rebels
