Foreign Relations And Securing The Succession Flashcards
When was the Treaty of Etaples renewed?
1510
Which countries were in the anti-French alliance, the Holy League?
England, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, Venice and the Papacy
Where did Ferdinand of Aragon conquer due to using Henry, to sending 10,000 men to France under the command of Marquis of Dorset? When did this happen?
Navarre in 1512
When did Henry captured the French towns of Tournai and Therouanne?
1513
When did the Battle of Flodden happen against Scotland?
September 1513
Who died as a result of the Battle of Flodden?
James IV of Scotland
What were the consequences of Henry’s military activities in 1513?
- Forced to liquidate assets from his father
- Rumblings about taxation in Yorkshire
- French Pension was lost
- Tournai sold back to the French
What did Wolsey do in 1514 with foreign policy?
Recovered the Etaples pension and a marriage alliance of Henry’s younger sister, Mary, and King of France, Louis XII
Why were France and Scotland related whenever one of the countries had tensions with England?
The ‘auld alliance’ between France and Scotland
What were the 2 consequences of Henry VIII running out of money for wartime in 1514?
- Unable to exploit weakness of Scotland after James’ death
- Sought peace with France
Who was the French successor to Louis XII?
Francis I, who was Henry’s rival
Who was the Spanish successor to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1516?
Charles V, who sought an alliance with France
What did Emporer Maximilian and France agree to?
The Treaty of Cambrai
Who was the heir presumptive of the Scottish throne?
The Duke of Albany
What was the treaty that were the origins of peace negotiations between England and France by the Pope Leo X? And when was this established?
Treaty of London in 1518
What countries were in the non-aggression pact?
England, France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire
Who did the Pope appoint as the papal legate of England?
Wolsey
What was exchanged in the newfound friendship between England and France caused by the Treaty of London?
Tournai for a French pension
What reinforced England and France’s good relations in June 1520 that cost the royal treasury £15,000?
The Field of the Cloth of Gold
When was the Treaty of Burges negotiated between Wolsey and Charles V?
August 1521
What 3 reasons did Henry agree to the Treaty of Burges?
- Improve relations with the Pope
- Gain territory in France
- Entailed a marriage alliance with his daughter Mary and the Emporer
When did England invade France?
1522 and 1523
What did Henry suggest to Charles at the Battle of Pavia? When did the Battle of Pavia happen?
To achieve territorial gains in France, in 1525
What were 3 consequences of the Amicable Grant getting a lack of support?
- Henry backed down
- Resentment towards the Emperor was reinforced
- Wolsey’s domestic prestige was damaged
Why did Henry support the League of Cognac?
To have a pro-French foreign policy
What was the anti-Imperial alliance Henry and France agreed to in 1527?
The Treaty of Amiens
What was the consequence of the attempted trade embargo with Burgundian lands by Wolsey?
Widespread unemployment and social problems in England
What were 2 events that happened in 1529 which increased Charles V’s strength?
Battle of Landriano and the Peace of Cambrai
What effect did the Peace of Cambrai of 1529 have on Henry?
He couldn’t solve his marital issues, leading to Wolsey’s downfall in government
When did Henry try to ally with France after Wolsey’s downfall?
1532
What did Henry ally with after breaking with Rome?
The League of Schmalkalden
Why was pressure reduced from Henry in 1536?
- Death of Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn
- Renewed fighting between the emperor and Francis I
Why did Henry’s position weaken in 1538? (3 reasons)
- Treaty of Nice between Francis and Charles, severed connections with England
- Pope Paul III published a bull deposing Henry
- Pope sent envoys to France and Scotland to have a Catholic crusade against Henry
How did Henry attempt to reduce Catholic pressure in 1539?
Six Articles Act and marrying Anne of Cleves
Did England maintain control of the Pale in Ireland?
Yes
Why did Henry find it difficult to govern Ireland?
The Earl of Kildare
When did Henry fail to refashion the Irish government?
1534
When was the Pale invade by 2 Gaelic nobles?
1539
When did England establish Ireland as a separate kingdom?
1541
Was the English invasion of Scotland in 1542 a success?
Yes
How was Scotland weakened in 1542?
- Defeated at the Battle of Solway Moss
- James V died
When were Prince Edward and Mary, Queen of Scots finally betrothed and which treaty did this?
Treaty of Greenwich in 1543
What didn’t ratify the Treaty of Greenwich and who deserted the English cause in Scotland?
The Scottish Parliament and Arran deserted the English cause
Who facilitated the invasion of France for Henry in 1544?
The emperor
How did matters between France and England get worse in 1545?
- Francis I sent troops to Scotland to invade England
- English defeated at the Battle of Ancrum Moor
- French landed at aisle of Wight
- Henry’s flagship, the Mary Rose, sunk
How did the French fail in 1545?
Failed to recapture Boulogne and invade England
When was peace agreed between France and England after Henry attempted invasion of France in 1544?
1546
What were 2 consequences for the war with France in 1544 and 1545?
Sold the Crown estate and increased inflation due to debasing the coinage
When was Princess Mary born?
1516
What declared Elizabeth as the heir presumptive in 1534, and Mary as illegitimate?
The Succession Act
What declared Elizabeth as illegitimate?
The Succession Act of 1536
Which act re-legitimated Elizabeth and Mary?
The Succession Act of 1543
What were 2 things Henry VIII’s will do?
- If his children died, his sister, Mary Duchess of Suffolk would be the heir
- Set up a regency council for Edward
When were the succession arrangements in his will dated?
30th December 1546
