Henry VIII Foreign Policy

Question 1

1510

Answer 1

Holy League made, with Spain, the HRE and the Papacy against France. Renewal of Treaty of Etaples.
SUCCESSFUL

Question 2

1512

Answer 2

Henry invades France and sent 10,000 soldiers. English suffered defeat in Gascony because Ferdinand of Spain failed to support them.
UNSUCCESSFUL

Question 3

1513 (France)

Answer 3

Henry invaded France again. He led this force himself. He won the Battle of Spurs and captured Thérouanne and Tournai
SUCCESSFUL

Question 4

1513 (Scotland)

Answer 4

James IV of Scotland allied with France and invaded England. James defeated and killed at Battle of Flodden. Won with small army too. Infant James V and Henrys sister left as regent. Henry did not act on this.
UNSUCCESSFUL

Question 5

1517

Answer 5

Treaty of Cambrai between Charles V, Maximillian of HRE, and the French left England isolated.
UNSUCCESSFUL

Question 6

1518

Answer 6

Treaty of London. Personal achievement by Wolsey. Everybody signed non-aggression pact.
SUCCESSFUL

Question 7

1520

Answer 7

Henry and France met at Field of The Cloth of Gold. Reinforced positive relations, but was expensive and nothing came of it in the long-term.
UNSUCCESSFUL

Question 8

1521

Answer 8

Treaty of Bruges negotiated by Wolsey with Charles V. Wanted to improve relations with Pope and Charles V through a marriage alliance, and also gain territory in France. England invaded France in 1522 and 1523. Gained little but proved costly.
UNSUCCESSFUL

Question 9

1522

Answer 9

English armies invade Northern France but gained little. Parliament reluctant to grant extraordinary revenue for this campaign.
UNSUCCESSFUL

Question 10

1525

Answer 10

The Battle of Pavia in Italy. Charles V defeated French. Henry jealous as he wanted France, but Charles refused to do it with him. Henry supported League of Cognac with France and Pope to overcome Charles.

Question 11

1527

Answer 11

Treaty of Amiens with French. Against HRE and Spain.

Question 12

1529

Answer 12

French defeated in Italy by Charles. Peace of Cambrai between France and HRE.

Question 13

1532

Answer 13

Henry formed a further alliance with France because he wanted to pressure Charles into supporting Henry’s marriage annulment, but it failed.
UNSUCCESSFUL

Question 14

1533

Answer 14

Break with Rome

Question 15

1536

Answer 15

Renewal of fighting between HRE with Spain against France

Question 16

1538

Answer 16

Henry’s position was weakened by Charles and France signing the Treaty of Nice, followed by the 1939 Pact of Toledo where they each agreed to sever connections with England. Also Pope Paul III deposed Henry and absolved English Catholics from obedience to their ruler.
UNSUCCESSFUL

Question 17

1539

Answer 17

Pope Paul III sent Cardinal Beaton to Scotland and Cardinal Pole to France to rouse support for a Catholic crusade against Henry.

Question 18

1540

Answer 18

Henry responded by marrying Anne of Cleves because she was Protestant and sought an alliance with the Protestant League of Schmalkalden. This became unnecessary when relations between Charles and Francis broke down, making Henry’s position more secure.

Question 19

1542

Answer 19

An invasion of Scotland brought heavy defeat for the Scots at the Battle of Solway Moss. The death of James V weakened the Scots but Henry failed to mount a full scale invasion

Question 20

1543

Answer 20

Treaty of Greenwich. Edward was betrothed to Mary Queen of Scots. The Scots refused to ratify this Treaty. The Earl of Hertford was sent to raid Edinburgh which achieved little.

Question 21

1544

Answer 21

Henry in alliance with Charles invaded France at the head of a large army. Henry captured Boulogne but Charles made a separate peace with France.

Question 22

1545

Answer 22

Francis I sent troops to Scotland to support an invasion against the English. The English were defeated at the Battle of Ancrum Moor in Scotland. Another French force landed in the Isle of Wright. Henry’s flagship, the Mary Rose, sank in the Solent. The French failed to recapture Boulogne.

Question 23

1546

Answer 23

Peace was agreed between England and France because they couldn’t afford the conflict.