Henry VII Foreign Policy Flashcards
Foreign Policy
1
Q
Why did Henry want to keep good foreign relations? (3)
A
- national security
- recognition of Tudor dynasty
- defence of English trading interests
2
Q
When did the French invade Brittany?
A
1487
3
Q
When was the Anglo-French Truce signed?
A
1488
4
Q
When and what was the Treaty of Redon signed and who was it between?
A
- 1489
- Duchess Anne of Brittany would pay for English army to defend from French.
- Henry also tried to make alliance with Maximillian
- England and Brittany
5
Q
When was the Treaty of Medina del Campo signed and who was it between?
A
- 1489
- England and Spain
6
Q
What was the Magnus Intercursus and when was it signed?
A
- A major treaty between England and the Duchy of Burgundy, which restored normal trading links between them.
- 1496
7
Q
When was the Truce of Ayton signed and who was it between?
A
- 1497
- England and Scotland
8
Q
When was Arthur married?
A
1501 to Catherine of Aragon
9
Q
When did Arthur die?
A
1502
10
Q
What was the Intercursus Malus and when was it signed?
A
- A trade agreement, but never became fully operative.
- 1506
11
Q
Foreign Policy in Brittany (5)
A
- 1489, Parliament granted Henry extraordinary revenue to raise an army against French
- Did this out of respect for his Brittany
- He feared French takeover of Brittany would increase threat to England
- Didn’t work out, French took over and Maximillian did not form an alliance
- Overall failure
12
Q
Foreign Policy in Burgundy, Netherlands and Holy Roman Empire
A
- Most of England’s exports went through Netherlands e.g. Antwerp
- Relations between Burgundy and England deteriorated due to Margaret of Burgundy
(sister of Richard III) - Henry did trade embargo to ease tensions but lowered popularity.
- Intercursus Magnus solved this
- Netherlands and Holy Roman Empire surrendered pretenders
- Improved trading positions and security
- Successful
13
Q
Foreign Policy in Spain
A
- Treaty of Medina del Campo 1489 important: offered mutual protection, agreed not to help pretenders, arranged a marriage alliance between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon. The treaty did not go smoothly, however: Ferdinand reluctant to let marriage go ahead, argued over size of dowry. Marriage took place in 1501. Arthur died 1502. Henry suggested his other son should marry Catherine (would require papal dispensation)
- Treaty of Windsor 1506. Henry secured strong relationship with Spain. Intercursus Malus (trading agreement), a marriage arrangement for Henry and Phillip’s sister. However Phillip died, so marriage alliance failure and left England isolated.
14
Q
Foreign Policy in Scotland (1485-1503)
A
- 1485-95: relations tense
- 1495-96: King James IV offered hospitality to Warbeck, who stayed for two years and received a pension and marriage. James encouraged Warbeck in 1496 to cross to England but retreated against English. Henry led invasion into Scotland. Later led to taxation rebellions
- 1497: Cornish Rebellion. England and Scotland needed to make a truce (took place in Ayton)
- 1498: Relations improved. James had no more use for Warbeck, so was executed in 1499
1501-03: Agreed that James should marry Henry’s daughter. 1502 this was sanctioned in Treaty of Perpetual Peace, marriage took place in 1503. Good relations lasted until end of Henry’s reign.
15
Q
Foreign Policy in Ireland
A
- Earl of Kildare was Lord Deputy of Ireland since 1477. He was feared by Henry as he had Yorkist support
- Kildare supported Lambert Simnel, whom he crowned King of England 1486
- Kildare also supported Warbeck 1491
- Henry used his armed force, appointed his son, Henry, as Lieutenant of Ireland, and Poynings as his deputy against Kildare
- Poynings’ Law 1495: Irish could pass no law without English permission
- Poynings’ Law too expensive, Warbeck also besieged a town in Ireland in 1495
- Henry recalled Poynings and reinstated Kildare
- By 1946, Kildare no longer supporting Yorkists and was loyal to Henry
- By 1500 there was a level of peace and authority over Ireland
