Henry VII - Government Flashcards
Used to seize the titles and possessions of nobles he suspected of disloyalty.
Attainders
Payments made as a gurantee of good behaviour; demanded from those whose loyalty was suspicious.
Bonds
Paid on goods entering or leaving the country.
Custom duties
Control of the estates of noble heirs under adult age, which allowed the King to manage lands for his own profit.
Wardships
Practice by which nobleman kept a large number of men as personal staff. Fines were introduced against this practice.
Retaining
Henry relied on these at a local level to maintain law and order in the countryside.
Justices of the Peace (JPs)
Replaced use of the Star Chamber (1487) to control the nobility.
Council learned in law
Henry’s closest political advisors.
Privy Council
The centre of government wherever the King was, court central to Henry’s personal monarchy (power was dependent upon relationship with Henry).
Royal Court
Responsible for looking after the King, the courtiers, guests and other members who were being entertained.
Royal Household
Parliament passed to declare a nobleman guilty of a crime against the Crown, usually treason - these were used after the Battle of Bosworth and the Battle of Stoke, and against Sir William Stanley.
Acts of Attainders
Money collected regularly without the need to call parliament. Examples include crown lands, custom duties etc.
Ordinary Revenue
Money raised by the king from additional sources as one-off payments when he faced an emergency or an unforeseeable expense of government; this could be made up of parliamentary grants, loans, clerical taxes, for example.
Extraordinary Revnue
A person who attends a royal court as a companion or adviser to the monarch.
Courtier
An experienced nobleman and member of the king’s council, and a personal friend of the king. He had administrative and political power, often speaking for the monarch in an official capacity, also responsible for organising court ceremonies.
The Lord Chamberlain
Comprising the close personal servants of the monarch who worked in the King’s private chambers; its members had direct access to the monarch and therefore could influence him or her more directly.
Privy Chamber
A territorial area that belongs to the monarch.
Crown Lands
The set of recirprocal financial, military and legal obligations among the warrior nobility in a feudal system.
Feudal Dues
A formal acknowledgement of a debt or other obligation which could be enforced by means of financial penalty.
Recognisances
A body of representatives that makes laws for a nation.
Parliament
The most intimate of an English monarch’s courtiers, who became a man in whom much confidence was placed and royal secrets were shared as a matter of course.
Groom of the Stool
They advised the King and helped him with day-to-day government.
Royal Council
Loan of £10,000 given to Henry.
1485
Raised £12,000 from crown lands.
1486
28 nobleman under Attainder.
1487
Set out procedures about making complaints about JPs.
1489
Parliament extends the role of JPs enabling them to decide on all offences except murder.
1495
Parliament called to fund a possible war against Scotland.
1497
Parliament called to raise feudal dues for Princess Margaret’s marriage.
1504
- To advise the King
- To administer the realm on the King’s behalf
- To make legal judgements
The Council’s Main 3 Functions
Henry VII’s royal tax collectors, hated by many in England, and were executed by Henry’s son.
Epsom & Dudley
