Henry VI, 1422-1461

Question 1

how much debt was Government in when Henry came into power

Answer 1

£370,000

Question 2

which education establishement did henry found

Answer 2

eton

Question 3

name henrys two favourites

Answer 3

somerset and suffolk

Question 4

what title did warwick get

Answer 4

captaincy of calais

Question 5

who did henry marry in 1445

Answer 5

margaret of anjou

Question 6

how is margaret seen

Answer 6

she wolf, divisive

Question 7

why is margaret of anjou seen as a she wolf

Answer 7

used son’s livery (swan), tried to rule as regent, active role as a queen

Question 8

why is margaret of anjou not seen as a she wolf

Answer 8

simply fighting for her son to remain heir, supporting her husband

Question 9

what was the crisis of 1450 about

Answer 9

duke of suffolk’s downfall

Question 10

what are the 5 reasons suffolk became unpopular

Answer 10

• negotiated treaty of tours
• mismanagement lead to loss of normandy
• financial corruption - he advised henry
• manipulated henry for royal patronage
• trying to strengthen family claim to throne (marry his son and margaret beaufort)

Question 11

what was suffolk sentenced to

Answer 11

1450 - parliament tried him for treason, henry cleared him (favourite), banished him for 5 years instead, suffolk’s boat ambushed by pirates - executed

Question 12

what was the treaty of tours

Answer 12

2 year truce between france and england, henry to marry margaret of anjou

Question 13

what was the impact of suffolk’s death

Answer 13

• henry reputation down (overmight subject)
• henry didn’t prioritise the country

Question 14

causes of cade’s rebellion

Answer 14

fears because of threat of destruction of area from lord saye and william crowmer, expanded into complaints over tax, English defeats and corrupt Gov

Question 15

what were the events of cade’s rebellion

Answer 15

rebels march towards london - small attacks on way, henry flees to kenilworth, the londoners fought the rebels off themselves

Question 16

how did cade’s rebellion end

Answer 16

londoners fought the rebels off, 1451 henry visits places lacking in law and order, rebels captured and executed

Question 17

how was cade’s rebellion politically damaging for henry

Answer 17

• he didn’t face the rebels, the londoners did
• evidence of lack of law and order
• loss of authority and popularity

Question 18

what was the significance of cade’s rebellion

Answer 18

• londoners fought off rebels due to self interest not loyalty to the king
• high level of violence
• references to duke of york unsettling for henry

Question 19

what was the act of resumption

Answer 19

1450, crown would recover the lands henry gave out to his favourites

Question 20

how long was henry’s first collapse

Answer 20

17 months

Question 21

why did york become protector

Answer 21

henry’s closest male relative - richest and most senior nobleman as well

Question 22

who did york dislike

Answer 22

somerset

Question 23

what did the york - somerset divide create

Answer 23

factionalism at court

Question 24

who supported york

Answer 24

nevilles, warwick, salisbury

Question 25

who supported somerset

Answer 25

percies, lancastrians (margaret of anjou)

Question 26

who did york put in prison during his first protectorate

Answer 26

somerset

Question 27

what did henry do during his recovery

Answer 27

let alot of people out of prison eg somerset - reversing york's actions

Question 28

who died at the first battle of st albans

Answer 28

somerset and henry percy

Question 29

what happened to henry during the first battle of st albans

Answer 29

he was injured in the neck, captured by the yorkists but they begged for his forgiveness

Question 30

what happened during york's second protectorate

Answer 30

he granted warwick captaincy of calais

Question 31

what was the purpose of loveday

Answer 31

to reconcile after st albans

Question 32

what happened at the parliament of devils

Answer 32

warwick, salisbury and york were convicted of treason and disinherited by lancastrians

Question 33

at what battle did york die

Answer 33

battle of wakefield - beheaded as a traitor on display

Question 34

what was the act of accord

Answer 34

stated henry vi as king but richard duek of york would inherit his throne and his heirs

Question 35

what happened at st albans 2

Answer 35

henry was recaptured by the lancastrians from the yorkists who had captured him at battle of northampton

Question 36

what happened at the battle of towton

Answer 36

yorkists win (unsurprisingly - smaller army), edward, earl of march (york's son) takes over

Question 37

what was significant about the battle of st mortimers cross

Answer 37

3 suns were seen to represent the three yorkist brothers

Question 38

at towton how many nobles were fighting for the yorkists

Answer 38

8

Question 39

at towton how many nobles were fighting for the lancastrians

Answer 39

19

Question 40

at what battle did warwick die

Answer 40

Battle of Barnet

Question 41

what was the duke of suffolk's real name

Answer 41

edmund beaufort

Question 42

what was significant about the rebels in cades rebellion

Answer 42

most had some sort of authority in their towns = had more to lose

Question 43

how many times did york kneel and pledge loyalty to henry

Answer 43

3

Question 44

what is the pneumonic to remember all the battles

Answer 44

seven battles, now we must survive towton

Question 45

what is the order of the battles

Answer 45

st albans 1, blore heath, northampton, wakefield, mortimer's cross, st albans 2, towton