Henry’s policy faled to make him a maor power plan Flashcards
argument
he didn’t achieve this aim, as he was unable to succeed in being a warrior and imperial king, and although he did break his father’s peace, he was unable to keep up with the Charles and Francis. He was massively successful in another foreign policy aim, notably securing his divorce and his break with Rome, although this only served to further isolate him from Europe.
evidence for henry succeeding in breaking his father’s peace
Battle of Flodden 1512
Battle of Spurs 1513
Treaty of Bruges 1521
Treaty of the More 1525
What was hte Battle of Flodden?
1512
Led by Catherine of Aragon as regent queen
Campaign against the Scottish
Henry won, killing 10,000 Scottish troops and losing only 1000 English
Also killed James IV and many high ranking scottish nobles
What was the battle of spurs?
1513
A small campaign which successfully broke friendly agreements in France
Part of Henry’s aggressive foreign policy
Showed tactical victory on Henry’s part
Failed to capitalize on the success and cost a lot of money - around £900,000
Gained small landmasses in Therouanne and Tournai
What was the Treaty of Bruges?
1521
Agreement between Henry and Charles V against France
Was good on paper but failed to achieve anything much due to a lack of papal authority and significant betrayal on Charles’ part
Included a marriage between
What was the Battle of Pavia?
1525
Charles and Henry beat the French at Pavia
Henry assumed this would mean splitting France down the middle, allowing him to achieve his own part of the land
This was untrue and Henry didn’t have the funds to raise an army by himself to capitalise on this (Amicable Grant) so he lost his chance to take France
HE WAS ISOLATED!!! WASN’T A MAJOR POWER!!!
What was the treaty of More?
August 1525
Following Pavia, Henry agreed to lose his lands in France for an anti-hapsburg alliance with the aim of freeing the King from Charles V’s grasp
How was Henry unsuccessful in breaking his father’s peace and eventually not becoming a major power?
By 1529, following the Peace of Cambrai, Henry had been isolated from the Hapsburg-Valois alliance.
As well as this, initially had to set himself up with Charles and Francis as a peace maker, with the Treaty of London 1518 and the Field of Cloth fo Gold, as well as his initial neutral position on the Habsburg Valois thing
He also failed to do it at any point in the future, as his alliance in 1544 with Charles V was just fickle and didn’t amount to much.
What evidence is there that Henry was a warrior king?
He achieved successes at the Battle of Flodden and the Battle of Spurs
He managed small victories in 1544 at Bologne
He won some small border towns in 1542 rough wooing of Scotland.
What evidence is there that Henry was Not a warrior king?
He only made small gain in Therouanne and Tournai after the battle of spurs
He only made small gains in the rough wooing and failed to secure a marriage agreement
He failed to take France independently in 1525 due to a lack of funds and the failure of the amicable grant
In 1544 he only managed to take one city in Bologne and didnt achieve anything further than a fickle peace treaty with France
England was isolated in 1529 following the League of Cambrai
How does the divorce link into all this?
He was successful in achieving it, but he didn’t manage to keep good relations throughout it and if anything ended up further isolated from Europe due to religious differences and threats to his own position.
What evidence is there that Henry was successful in securing the divorce?
1534 Succession Act
1533 Act in Restraint of Appeals
What could Henry have done better to secure his divorce?
He could’ve continued his battles against Charles V with Francis I, and tried to take the Pope and secure the divorce that way, as the Pope was under the influence of Charles following the May 1527 Sack of Rome.
He even signed an alliance against CHarles with Francis in July 1527 but nothing came of it, not even the marriage between Mary Tudor and Francis’ young son.
How did the divorce oust Henry from Europe?
He was excommunicated from the catholic church in 1538 and charles and francis signed the treaty of nice in 1538 which created the threat of catholic crusade. He was even further eliminated.
