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Henry VIII > Break with Rome > Flashcards

Break with Rome Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 3 obstacles to henry getting a dispensation?

A

The pope
Cardinal Campeggio
Catherine of Aragon

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2
Q

How was the pope stopping Henry from getting a divorce?

A

He had been captured in the Sack of Rome 1527 and was under the control of CHarles V, who didnt want Henry to divorce his Aunt.

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3
Q

How was Cardinal Campeggio blocking the dispensation?

A

He was on strict orders that, whilst at Blackfriars in 1529, he must delay the hearing. It took him six months to get there and he was racked with gout so delayed it a lot.

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4
Q

How was Catherine blocking the dispensation?

A

She obviously wasn’t happy about it and came to Blackfriars, kneeling in front of Henry and pledging her loyalty and making a speech to get her sympathy

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5
Q

When was the Act in Restraint of Appeals?

A

1533

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6
Q

What was the Act in restraint of appeals?

A

Stopped appeals to rome for marriage, so no appeals could be made regarding church decisions.

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7
Q

What was the impact of teh Act in Restraint of Appeals?

A

It established Henry as head of hte church and made it so CofA couldn’t appeal to the Pope if divorced.

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8
Q

When was the act in restraint of annates?

A

1533

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9
Q

What was the act in restraint of annates?

A

An annate is te first year’s income from the office of a bishop which gets sent to Rome. Henry established that these would now go to him, removing the main source of papal revenue in England. Redone in Jan 1534 to ensure Abbots and Bishops were now appointed by the King

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10
Q

When was the act of succession?

A

April 1534

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11
Q

What was the act of succession?

A

Registered Henry’s marriage to Catherine as invalid and replaced it with his marriage to Anne, as well as enforcing that Henry and Anne’s children would inherit the throne. The nation would have to take an oath upholding their marriage.

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12
Q

When was the Act of Supremacy?

A

Nov 1534

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13
Q

What was the act of supremacy?

A

established henry’s s supreme head of the church of england, enshrining the break with rome into law.

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14
Q

When was the treason act?

A

Nov 1534

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15
Q

What was the treaosn act?

A

meant that anyone who criticised anne boleyn, henry or their actions was a heretic and could be punished like mad.

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16
Q

What impact did the treason act have?

A

Led to Henry executing more people than any other monarch.

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17
Q

When was the Act annexing First fruits and Tenths?

A

Nov 1534

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18
Q

What was the Act Annexing first fruits and tenths?

A

A first fruit is the first years profits by the new holder of a benefice
tenths were the ten percent of annual income each year
Henry redirected these to himself, establishing the Court of First fruits and Tenths in 1540

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19
Q

When was Cromwell deemed Vice-gerent in spirituals?

A

1534

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20
Q

What was the impact of Cromwell being deemed Vicegerent?

A

Gave him religious power and e could influence lutheran ideas into Henry’s policies.

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21
Q

When was the Court of Augmentations set up?

A

1535

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22
Q

What was the Court of Augmentations?

A

Set up by Cromwell to handle the various financial and property problems brought in by all the new financial actions Henry was taking.

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23
Q

When was the Valor Ecclesiasticus?

A

1535

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24
Q

What is the Valor Ecclesiasticus?

A

A survey of finance in England and Wales where Clergymen, parish priests and the heads of religious institutions were instructed to give testimony regarding their income, lands, establishments and other sources.

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25
Q

What was found in the Valor Ecclesiasticus?

A

The church was corrupt and urgently needed reform, and this was used to justify the dissolution of the monasteries

26
Q

When was the act for the dissolution of lesser monasteries?

A

1536

27
Q

When were the royal injunctions?

A

1536

28
Q

What were the 3 injunctions?

A

Ordered the clergy to:
-Defend royal supremacy
-Abandon pilgrimage
-Education must be to teach the Lord’s Prayer, the ten commandments and other scriptures.

29
Q

When were teh ten articles?

A

1536

30
Q

what were the ten articles?

A

Probably written by Cranmer
Featured elements of both catholicism and protestantism, with a focus on education, and reform. Endorsed transubstantiation but also promoted sola fide.
First set of official royal doctrines following supremacy act.

31
Q

What happened in 1538?

A

The Truce of Nice between Charles V and Francis I and Henry being excommunicated by Paul III. Made a threat of catholic crusade which led to the peeling back of protestant ideals.

32
Q

When was the great bible produced?

A

1539

33
Q

When was the act of 6 articles?

A

June 1539

34
Q

What was the six articles?

A

A shift towards catholicism following the threat of catholic crusade. Confirmed transubstantiation and banned the marriage of priests.

35
Q

When did Henry marry Anne of Cleves?

A

1540 - organised by Cromwell

36
Q

Why was the Anne of Cleves marriage significant?

A

She was protestant.

37
Q

When did Henry marry Catherine Howard and why was this significant?

A

July 1540

38
Q

What happened in 1544?

A

Henry apppointed protestant humanist edward cheke as Edward’s tutor

39
Q

What happened in 1546?

A

Anne Askew was burnt for denying transusbtantion

40
Q

What is pluralism?

A

When a person has multiple roles within the church.

41
Q

What is indulgences?

A

When people would pay for time off in purgatory

42
Q

What is symony?

A

Selling places in the church

43
Q

What are the 3 key centres of opposition to the BWR?

A

Court, Clergy, Country

44
Q

What are the two key examples of opposition within court?

A

Sir Thomas More and the Aragonese Faction

45
Q

Who was Sir Thomas More?

A

Followed Wolsey as Chancelor, however fell from power in 1529 after refusing to sign the Succession act oath.

46
Q

What happened during More’s trial?

A

It was rigged by Cromwell, who had gathered evidence from Richard Rich, a supporter of Henry’s, that More had stated in prison that he didn’t accept Henry as the head of the church, leading to the order of his execution.

47
Q

Who was in the Aragonese faction?

A

A small group of nobles, including Henry Courtenay, a Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber, and Sir Henry Guildford, controller of the Kings’ Household.

48
Q

Why was the Aragonese faction silenced?

A

Following the introduction of the Boleyn’s in the late 1520s and the growing influence of Cromwell, their influence decreased, however her exclusion from the 1534 Succession Act pushed some members to support hte Pilgramage of Grace.

49
Q

What are the 2 examples of resistance within the clergy?

A

John Fisher and the Nun of Kent

50
Q

Who was John Fisher?

A

A Bishop at Rochester, who studied and prayed, eventually stating that Henry’s actions against Catherine were wrong, saying this to Henry’s face, as well as refusing to swear the Succession oath.

51
Q

How did Fisher ed up getting executed?

A

Whilst imprisoned in the tower, the pope declared that he was to become a Cardinal in an act to save him,however Henry acted quickly to execute him for high treason.

52
Q

Who was Elizabeth Barton?

A

The Nun of Kent, who had had visions of the King’s marriage, warning of disastrous consequences if teh king went through with the divorce.

53
Q

What did Barton and her circle of influence do?

A

They developed the warnings into a wider campaign, establishing links with Courtney and with the Carthusian monks.

54
Q

How did Barton end up being executed?

A

Cromwell acted fast, and was arrested on an attainder, and eventually executed in April 1534

55
Q

What caused the pilgrimage of grace?

A

In 1536, riots started in Lancashire, after rumours circulated that the king was going to close down all the churches, including one with a tall spire nearly 300 feet high, which the townspeople were very proud of.

56
Q

What triggered the rebellion?

A

The arrival of 18 local gentry in October 1536, demanding the dismissal of Cromwell and the dismissal of the statute of uses

57
Q

What was the Statute of Uses?

A

An unpopular statute forcing the gentry to pay tax on inherited land.

58
Q

Where did the rebels march?

A

Marched towards lincoln to present their demands, where they were joined by local monks, however dispersed following the Duke of Suffolk collecting an army to fight them.

59
Q

What triggered the second wave of pilgrimage?

A

Robert Asked visited the reels, and on his way back ot York picked up supporters, who moved down to pontefract, seizing the castle and formulating their demands, the Pontefract Articles.

60
Q

What was the end of the pilgrimage of grace?

A

The 40,000 men presented their petition to the Duke of Norfolk, however Henry ended up deciding to grant a general pardon and promise that parliament would consider their demands, leading to another dispersal.

61
Q

What led to robert Aske’s execution?

A

Fresh rebellion in 1537, which gave Henry a good excuse to arrest leaders and execute them.

Henry VIII (10 decks)

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