Henry and the nobility

Question 1

How many attainders did Henry pass after Bosworth and in total?

Answer 1

• 28 after Bosworth
• 138 in total
  (60% of attainders reversed by end)

(Edward passed 140 - reversed 42)

Question 2

how did Henry treat Robert Willoughby?

Answer 2

• helped Henry with 1483 invasion and Bosworth

- rewarded with kings council in 1485 and juice of the peace in southern counties of Devon, Cornwall, dorset

Question 3

how did Henry treat Robert Willoughby II differently?

Answer 3

• had to give up some of fathers lands and pay fines to inherit rest
• had to prove loyalty to remain justice of peace (court) and went bankrupt but got little money from Henry

(this is because his father prove ed his loyalty to Henry whereas he didn’t)

Question 4

how were the nobles a threat?

Answer 4

over nightly magnates combined the land and authority of several nobles:
- like the Staffords of Buckingham and Percy’s of northumberland

Question 5

how did Henry reduce the power of the nobles?

Answer 5

• nobles controlled by lesser regional magnates to control crown land
• replaced in government by lesser nobles trained in law (gentry created centralised gov)

Question 6

How was Jasper Tudor rewarded (patronage)?

Answer 6

• given back welsh land (most powerful in Wales)

- make duke of Bedford

Question 7

how many knights of the garter did Henry create and who were some of them?

Answer 7

• 37 knights

- include those who fought at Bosworth like Oxford, Daubeney, Robert Willoughby

Question 8

how many meetings were there of the great council?

Answer 8

5

• 1485
• 1487 (simnel)
• 1488 (Brittany campaign)
• 1491 (French war)
• 1496 (war with Scotland)

Question 9

how did Henry treat Surrey?

Answer 9

• attained after Bosworth
• in charge of north (April 1489)
• stop Yorkshire rebellion (spring 1491)

Question 10

what bond did Henry have over Thomas Grey (marquess of Dorset)?

Answer 10

• distrusted so lands given to trustee

- reversed when he helped with 1499 Cornish rebellion

Question 11

what feudal dues did Henry take from the Buckinghams?

Answer 11

• fined Katherine for marrying without licence in 1496

- fined Edward for getting inheritance without licence in 1498

Question 12

when were nobles forced to swear not to retain armies?

Answer 12

1485

Question 13

who was on the kings council?

Answer 13

treasurer lord dynham then Surrey (1501)

- 5 key councillors supported him at Bosworth

Question 14

how much more crown lands did Henry have than Henry VI?

Answer 14

5 times more

Question 15

what did the 1486 act of resumption do?

Answer 15

recovered land given away since 1455

Question 16

how many of the royal council were clerics/ churchmen?

Answer 16

50%

Question 17

how was John de were, Oxford rewarded?

Answer 17

great chamberlain and lord admiral

Question 18

how many of the councillors served under Edward or Richard?

Answer 18

29

Question 19

how did Henry control the north?

Answer 19

changed lieutenant from northumberland to Surrey as he had no ties/ loyalty to the north

Question 20

how did Henry control Wales?

Answer 20

• Jasper Tudor most powerful - act under Arthur Tudor as lieutenant
• sir Rhys ap Thomas choose to given south west Wales

Question 21

who controlled Lancashire and Cheshire?

Answer 21

lord stanley

Question 22

how did Henry control Ireland?

Answer 22

Kildare removed after warbeck in 1491

• baby henrys Tudor given lieutenant and lord loynings as deputy
• failed in 96 and Henry restore Kildare (held son in London as insurance)

Question 23

how were justices of the peace (JP’s) used by Henry?

Answer 23

• more powerful than sheriff in maintain local law and order
• relied on knights to enforce their decisions
• not paid as responsibility of landowner was to maintain law and order

Question 24

what was council learned?

Answer 24

• created in 95 to protect Henry’s position as feudal landlord
• collected debts owed to him (mainly affected nobles)