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A Level History > Henry 8 1509 - 1547 > Flashcards

Henry 8 1509 - 1547 Flashcards

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1
Q

Henry 8 aims

A

Ensure succession

Consolidation of power

Warrior king

Extend personal power

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2
Q

Legacy of h7

A

Strong gov

Strong and peaceful foreign policy

Lots of money (around 400000)

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3
Q

H8 first decisions

A

Empson and Dudley of council learned were executed in 1510

Attempted invasions in France 1512 and 1513

Marriage to Catherine of Aragon

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4
Q

Henry 8 Character

A

Welcomed well

Good relations with nobility

Disliked business of government

Wanted to be a chivalrous king

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5
Q

Crown and parliament

A

Inherited strong gov and key councillors such as Heron

Henry 8 much preferred hiring ministers to run gov in his behalf (Wolsey and Cromwell)

Parliament called 9 times

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6
Q

Early gov under Wolsey

A

Established Eltham Ordinances (reorganise crown admin and finances) in 1526

Boosted Wolsey popularity

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7
Q

Wolsey, 1512 -1529

A

Most powerful minister under Henry

Majority of promotion through Church

Appointed bishop of York 1514, cardinal 1515 and papal legate in 1518

‘Altar Rex’

Downfall after failing to secure divorce

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8
Q

Cromwell, 1536 - 1540

A

Legal background not religious

Able to secure king’s annulment and engineer marriage to Boleyn

Failed in Anne of Cleaves marriage

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9
Q

The kings great matter, 1527 - 1534

A

Catherine of Aragon failed to birth male heir, and henry liked Anne Boleyn

Wanted to annul marriage with Catherine

Led to Wolsey’s downfall

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10
Q

The royal supremacy

A

1531 Clergy charged with Praemunire to pay £100,000

1532 Supplication against the ordinaries about Church’s abuses

1533 - 34 Series of laws passed by parliament between eng and Rome

1534 Henry supreme head of Church of England, solve great matter

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11
Q

Wolsey and government reforms

A

Wolsey reluctant to rely on parliament for governance, Cromwell relied upon it more heavily

Wolsey became responsible for overseeing the court of chancery - the main court of equity and was a very popular means of seeking justice

Wolsey utilised the court of the star chamber first introduced in 1487

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12
Q

Early conciliar gov

A

Lasted form 1509 to 1514

Ended because a number of councillors were reluctant to support conflicts with France so Henry chose to surround himself with like-minded people instead of his older councillors

Also ended due to the rise of Thomas Wolsey who organised the campaign in France in 1513

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13
Q

Finance under Wolsey

A

Relied on extraordinary revenue for conflict

Unique in utilising the method of subsidies, he established a new committee dealing with tax payers wealth. This led to a more in-depth assessment of wealth

Wolsey attempted to raise revenue through the ‘amicable grant’ of 1525 which nearly led to a rebellion

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14
Q

Fall of Wolsey

A

Failure in causing the Kings Great Matter, Henry form of a divorce by 1527

Amicable Grant crisis

As soon as Wolsey was useless, he was dropped

Very unpopular in court, especially with growth of Boleyn court

Accused of praemunire in 1529

Died 1530

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15
Q

Break from Rome

A

Break from Rome as a method of securing the kings great matter

Also slow progress under Thomas More from 1529 -1531 who had replaced Wolsey as Chancellor

More was key for the persecution of church reformers in 1528, this persecution was also something that happened in 1530 - 1531

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16
Q

Motive of church reform

A

Achieve divorce and fulfil kings desires

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17
Q

Securing the divorce 1529 to 1532

A

Henry put pressure on the clergy into supporting his divorce

Both Henry and the church reformers wanted radical changes to the religious system for different reasons

In the 1520s Henry was opposed to the idea of church reform but this attitude changed as his relationship with the pope decreased

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18
Q

The influence in parliament of securing the break from Rome 29- 30

A

In 1529, Cromwell was elected as a member of parliament and he spent a considerable amount of time attacking the abuses form within the church

In the 1530s they revived the medieval law of praemunire

In 1531 Henry pardoned the clergy for crimes against him but in return demanded that they recognise him as the supreme head of the Church of England

19
Q

The influence in parliament of securing the break from Rome 32

A

In 1532 an act of parliament was passed which prevented the payment of annates (a tax payed to Rome by members of the clergy)

March 32 supplication against the ordinaries - a petition to take on the abuses of the clergy

May 32 Henry demand the submission of the clergy

20
Q

The influence in parliament of securing the break from Rome 1533

A

33 Parliament passes the act in restraint of appeals a law that denied the people of England the right to appeal decisions against the Pope ( useful in preventing COA from seeking help from pope)

21
Q

Act of Supremacy

A

Formally acknowledge Henry as the head of the Church of England

1534

22
Q

Religion

A

Most major change was the reformation and the break from Rome

Most visible changes were the dissolution of the monasteries

23
Q

How many monasteries were there at the time of closure

A

800

24
Q

Change in religious ideas

A

Mostly led by Cromwell and Cranmer who were both sympathetic to Protestant ideas, both followed Martin Luther

Another major change was the translation of the bible into English

25
Q

10 articles

A

1536, designed to ensure conformity across England of religious practices

Reduced the sacraments from 7 to 3, baptism, penance and the Eucharist

26
Q

What were the 3 Sacraments

A

Baptism

Penance

The Eucharist

27
Q

Henry’s ideas of religion

A

While he did agree with dissolution of the monasteries all other reforms were seen as too far

The large push by Cromwell into Protestant ideals was one of the reasons for his downfall in 1540, this was only exacerbated by his opponents such as Howard

Following Cromwell downfall not many changes were made in religion

28
Q

Act of 6 articles

A

1539

Reinstate doctoring of transubstantiation

Restored the 7 sacraments

29
Q

Humanism arts and learning

A

Spreading renaissance ideas were vitally important for breaking down the influence of the Church

Ideas such as anticlericalism

Growth of universities

Growth of Protestantism and the break from Rome weakened the influence of the Church in England

30
Q

What groups grew in Society?

A

Professional and Commercial Borgeoisie

Peerage

31
Q

How many Genry families were in England by 1540

A

5000,

32
Q

Money and Quality of Life

A

Quality of Life for commoners didn’t really change

Increased wealth for landowning Gentry as Henry forced to sell aquired churchland in order to fund wars

33
Q

Amicable Grant

A

1525

Forced loan imposed by Wolsey to fund wars

Tax the laity between 1/6 and 1/10 value of goods

34
Q

Amicable grant Rebellion

A

Religious reasons

4000 rebels

1525

35
Q

Pilgrimage of Grace

A

1536/37

Protest against the English Reforms and Dissolution of Monasteries

One of the largest Tudor Rebellions

36
Q

Henry 8 final years 40 - 47

A

Goals to marry MQOS with Edward but fails, MQOS engaged to dauphin of France ‘auld alliance’

Becomes more catholic, 6 articles

Execution of Catherine Howard in 1542 led to the damage to the conservative factions

37
Q

Consequence of Cromwells fall in 1540?

A

Increased factions

38
Q

Succession Act 1544

A

Henry restores Mary and Elizabeth to the line of succession

39
Q

Motives of Marriage to Anne of Cleaves

A

Protestant queen from protestant Germany

France and Spain made an alliance in 1538 = marry for security

40
Q

Foreign Policy 1509 - 14

A

Renew treaty of Etaples (1510)

Invasion of France (1512/13)

Battle of Flodden against Scotland

41
Q

Foreign Policy 1514 - 26

A

Treaty of London (1518)

Field of Cloth of Gold (1520)

42
Q

Prosperity

A

Population increase

Declining Mortality rate

44-46 debasement of the coinage

43
Q

Depression

A

Bad harvests (1520-21, 1527-29) led to increases in food prices.

Decrease in Real wages - worst 1540s.

44
Q

How much did woollen cloth exports increase by?

A

Increase in woollen cloth exports nearly x2

A Level History (12 decks)

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