Henry 7 Flashcards
What was h7 claim to the throne
Through mother, direct descendant of Edward 3 (weak claim)
Beat Richard 3 at BOB in 1485
H7 aims
Secure the Tudor dynasty through a male heir
Calm the nobility after the wars of the roses
Secure royal finance
Build an effective government
How did h7 consolidate his power
Marriage to Elizabeth of York and birth of Arthur in 1486
Use of carrots and chicks to control nobility
Government reforms, reduce privy council and only keep lawyers
Dated reign before the BOB by one day to punish supporters of Richard
Coronation before calling 1st parliament
Those who had yorkist claim were imprisoned
Award supporters from BOB publicly,
How many knightships did h7 give to his supporters in BOB
11
Henry sticks
Recognisances- Acknowledged debt
Crown lands regained e.g 1486 act of resumption recover all crown land given away before war of roses
Feudal dues
What year was the act of resumption
1486
How much was Duchess of Buckingham fined for marrying without kings licence?
£7000
Henry’s carrots
11 knighthoods given out
Patronage- given titles or land
Order of the garter- title but no real power
How many knights of the garter did Henry create
37
Lovell threat, 1486
1486 plan to create army and take throne from h7
Yorkist supporters
H knew and advanced, Lovell escapes, other leaders captured and executed
Lambert Simnel
1487
Pretended to be earl of Warwick
Crowned king in Ireland
Foreign support form Margaret of burgundy ( 2000 soldiers)
Rebels defeated quickly at battle of stokes field and young simnel given work in the kitchens
Perkin Warbeck
1491 impersonating Richard
Invade England 1495 but no support
Foreign support from France, Scotland, Margaret of Burgundy
1497 captured after attempted invasion, imprisoned but broke out with earl of Warwick in 1499
Executed 1499
Central government
Top of gov H7, followed by council
Council made up of small group, nobility, clergy and lawyers
Permanent body with a permanent body
Aims of council
Offer advise to king
Administer law on kings behalf
Control local gov
Edmund Dudley (1462 - 1510)
Became key councillor after death of Reginald Bray (1503)
Creation of council learned in the law, advise of war and collect feudal dues (very unpopular)
Worked closely with Empson
Great council
House of Lords not House of Commons
No real function
Met only 5 times
Regional government
Council of the North ( Thomas Howard oversaw),
Council of Wales (Jasper Tudor)
Council of Ireland ( Edward Poyning)
Local government
Counties most important - Sheriffs and justices of the peace
Courts of assize - serious crimes (treason, murder, rebellion), judges appointed by king
Court of the kings bench - power to override lower courts decisions ( court of assize and local courts)
JP’s
Justice in local courts (4 a year)
Maintain peace in countryside
Detain criminals
Members of kings officials, appointed for life
Sheriffs
Appointed annually
Act as crown’s representative, power to manage elections, detain criminals
How many times was parliament called
Called 7 times
First 5 in first decade, used to control power by issuing acts of attainder
Relations with Scotland
Most vulnerable border (closes to eng)
Scot has Auld alliance with France
James 4 offered support to Perkin Warbeck (1495)
James 4 lose faith in PW and creates peace with h7 1502
Marriage alliance 1503
Treaty of Ayton 1502
Peace treaty with Scotland
In 1503 Henry’s daughter Margaret was to marry James of Scotland
Relations with Spain
Spain ruled by Ferdinand and Isabella, very powerful state (H wants to maintain good relations to avoid war)
Treaty of Medina del campo 1489
Marriage alliance between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon
Offer mutual protection for foreign attacks
Not harbour pretenders
Issues with medina del campo
Ferdinand didn’t want marriage to go ahead while Perkin Warbeck was still a threat but PW dealt with by 1499
After Arthur dies in 1502 Henry attempts to revive treaty through marriage to Henry
What year did Arthur and Catherine Marry
1501
What year did Arthur die
1502
Relations with France and Brittany, 1487
France invades Brittany,
Fear of France invading Eng
Treaty of Radon, 1489
Extraordinary revenue asked for funding an army against france (Yorkshire rebellion)
Planned for Anne of Brittany in Treaty of Radon for Brittany to pay for English army
But, brittany surrenders to France, marriage between Anne and Charles of france
Treaty of Etaples, 1492
Henry invades France
France didn’t want a war as engaged with Italy, seek peace with England
Charles would not support PW
French revenue of £5000 per annum
In the treaty of etaples how much would France pay Henry
£5000 per annum
‘French pension’
Economic developments under Henry
England largely agricultural
Cloth largest industry, exported to the Netherlands
Henry recognises the importance of trade
How much of English exports were cloth
90%
Navigation acts (1485 - 1486)
Attempt to promote trade
Break monopoly of the Hanseatic League
Royal finance
Number of different sources and methods to raise revenue
- Crown lands
- Feudal dues
- Extraordinary revenue
- Foreign pension
How much money did Henry make from crown lands after 1492
£42,000 per annum
Customs revenue
Majority came from tonnage and poundage (right for crown to raise revenue from the imports and exports of goods)
Made around 36000 per annum
Extraordinary revenue
Led to rebellion in 1489 and 1497
Raised around £400,000 for emergencies
Yorkshire Rebellion
1489
Attempts to raise money in order to support Brittany against France
Earl of Northumberland killed during rebellion
Cornish Rebellion
1497
Tax rebellion over being asked to oay tax towards protecting the northern border against Scotland
Relations with Brittany
Trade Embargo placed on Burgundy in 1490’s for their support of PW
Trade embargo ends in 1496 with the Intercursus Magnus
Nobility
Dominate Land Ownership
Relied upon by King for order in countryside
Gentry
own 15 - 20% of countries land
Commoners
insecure incomes
conditions improve under H7
