Hemotology Flashcards
Factor VIII and Factor IX
Classification
Antihemophilic Factor
Factor VIII and Factor IX
Indication
Factor VIII = Hemophilia A
Factor IX = Hemophilia B
-replaces missing coagulation factor, which reduces bleeding and joint damage
Factor VIII and Factor IX
MOA
Clotting factor replacements and cofactors for factor Xa
Factor VIII and Factor IX
Prototypes
plasma derived factor VIII concentrate (Hemofil-M)
recombinant factor VIII (Advate)
plasma-derived factor IX concentrate (Alpha-Nine S-D)
recombinant factor IX concentrate (BeneFix)
Factor VIII and Factor IX
Adverse effects
Hypersensitivity
Prion diseases
Factor VIII and Factor IX
Nursing interventions
Monitor for allergies - rash, itching, anaphylaxis
-diphenydramine, epinephrine
Factor VIII and Factor IX
Administration
Reconstitute
IV bolus over 5-10 min
Treatment for bleeding or prophylaxis (1-3X per week)
Desmopressin
Class
Antidiuretic
Desmopressin
Indication
Short term control of bleeding for Hemophilia A (injury or prep for surgery)
Desmopressin
Prototype
desmopressin (DDAVP, Stimate)
Desmopressin
MOA
Stimulates release of stored factor VIII (must be able to create factor VIII and does not work for Hemophilia B)
Desmopressin
Adverse effects
Dilutional hyponatremia
Fluid retention
Seizures
Drowsiness
Headache
Nausea
GI discomfort
Desmopressin
Interventions
Monitor serum sodium and I&Os
Restrict fluids and salt with overload, possible diuretic therapy
Monitor for diabetes insipidus
Desmopressin
Admin
IV or intranasal
IV: Dilute in 0.9% NaCl and administer over 15-30 min
Intranasal: Stimate, be careful to spray the exact number of times for the dose otherwise overdose can occur
Desmopressin
Teaching
Weigh daily and report sudden changes
Report uncontrolled bleeding, dyspnea, headache
Avoid alcohol
Desmopressin
Contraindications
Renal failure
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Type IIB von Willebrand’s disease
Heart failure (precaution)
Factor Xa/Thrombin Inhibitors
Prototype
heparin - thrombin inhibitor
Enoxaparin (Levenox) - factor Xa in hibitor
Factor Xa/Thrombin Inhibitors
Classification
Anticoagulants
Factor Xa/Thrombin Inhibitors
Indication
Prevent blood clots from forming or worsening:
-CVA treatment
-DVT and pulmonary emboli prevention
-Surgery, hemodialysis, blood transfusions
-DIC treatment
-post MI
Factor Xa/Thrombin Inhibitors
MOA
Binds with antithrombin and inactivates factor Xa and thrombin
Prevents fibrin development
Factor Xa/Thrombin Inhibitors
Adverse effects
Bleeding/Hemorrhage
Thrombocytopenia due to autoimmune reaction to protein in heparin
Hypersensitivity
Factor Xa/Thrombin Inhibitors
Interventions
Monitor for hypotension/tachy indicating bleeding
Monitor activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) - should be no longer than twice the baseline
Administer protamine for long aPTT or bleeding
Factor Xa/Thrombin Inhibitors
Admin
Subq or IV
Get baseline aPTT, CBC, platelet, and hct
Monitor aPTT for heparin q 4-6 h
(Enoxaparin dose is based on weight and does not need aPTT monitoring)
Factor Xa/Thrombin Inhibitors
Instructions
Report bleeding, bruising, petechiae, black stools, hematomas
Report calf pain, swelling, redness or warmth, dyspnea
Do not take NSAIDS
Use soft toothbrush
Avoid razors