Antibiotics that affect protein synthesis Flashcards
Which 3 antibiotic groups work by affecting protein synthesis?
- Tetracyclines
- Macrolides
- Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Prototype
Tetracycline
Tetracyclines
Other examples
doxycycline
minocycline
demeclocycline
Tetracyclines
Pharmacologic action
Broad-spectrum antibiotics that prevent protein synthesis (bacteriostatic)
Tetracyclines
Therapeutic uses
- Acne vulgaris
- Periodontal disease
- Rickettsial infections
- Chlamydia
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Lyme disease
- Anthrax
- GI infections due to H. pylori
Tetracyclines
Complications
- GI upset
- Tooth discoloration
- Hepatotoxicity
- Photosensitivity
- Suprainfection
- Dizziness
Tetracyclines
Contraindications
Pregnancy risk category D (stain temporary teeth of baby)
Tetracyclines
Precautions
- Liver and kidney disease
- (doxycycline and minocycline are excreted by the liver so these are safe for kidney disease)
Tetracyclines
Interactions
- Interaction with milk products, iron supplements, magnesium laxatives, and antacids (reduce absorption of tetracyclines)
- Decrease effectiveness of contraceptives
- Increase risk of digoxin toxicity
Macrolides
Prototype
Erythromycin
Other macrolides
Azithromycin
Macrolides
Pharmacologic action
Slows growth of bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis, but is bacteriocidal at high doses
Macrolides
Therapeutic Uses
- Rheumatic fever and bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis
- Legionnaires’s disease, pertussis, and acute diphtheria
- chlamydia, penumponia, and strep
Macrolides
Complications
- GI upset
- Prolonged QT intervals (dysrhythmias and sudden cardiac death)
- Ototoxicity with high dose therapy
Macrolides
Contraindications
- Liver disease
- QT prolongation
Macrolides
Precautions
Pregancy risk category B
Macrolides
Interactions
- inhibits metabolism of warfarin, antihistamines, digoxin, carbamazepine
Aminoglycoside prototype
Gentamicin
Aminoglycoside
Other meds
Neomycin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Paromomycin
Are aminogylocides bacteristatic or bactericidal?
Bactericidal
Aminoglycosides
Therapeutic uses
- Treats aerobic gram-negative bacilli (E. coli)
- Intestinal amebiasisa and tapeworms
- Supresses GI microflora for GI surgery prep
- TB in combo with other TB meds
Aminoglycosides
Complications
- Ototoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity (tubular necrosis with cumulative doses)
- Neuromuscular blockade (resp depression and weakness)
- Hypersensitivity
- Neurologic disorder with streptomycin (neuritis, tingling, optic nerve problems)
Aminoglycosides
Contraindications
- Preganncy Risk categories C and D
Aminoclygocides
Precautions
- Pregnancy
- Use of other meds that can cause ototoxicity
- Kidney impairment
- Myasthenia gravis
Aminoglycosides
Interactions
- Pencillin inactivates aminoglycosides if in same IV solution
- Ototoxicity risk with other ototoxic meds
