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204, 301 > hemotological > Flashcards

hemotological Flashcards

1
Q

What are anemia disorders?

A

conditions that result in lowered oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

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2
Q

what are the 2 main dysfunctions of anemia?

A

RBC dysfunction
HBG dysfunction

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3
Q

what are 2 main compensatory changes in patients with anemia?

A

ventricular hypertrophy
increased erythropoiesis - bone pain

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4
Q

true or false: anemias are a red flag in males as they are much less common

A

true

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5
Q

2 main blood loss anemias

A

rapid bloodless
insidious bloodloss

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6
Q

what is a hemolytic anemia

A

anemia thar is a result of RBC destruction

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7
Q

causes of hemolytic anemia

A

transfusion reactions
mechanical injury
toxins
inherited disorders (sickle cell)

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8
Q

signs of hemolysis

A

jaundice - increased RBC products: bilirubin, acute kidney failure due to HBG accumulation

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9
Q

what is sickle cell anemia?

A

hemolytic anemia that is inherited

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10
Q

What happens to the RBC in sickle cell?

A

becomes misshapen - HBG S

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11
Q

3 main conditions sickle cell leads to:

A

anemia
pain
organ failure

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12
Q

What is the basic patho of sickle cell?

A

HbS sickles when deoxygenated/low oxygen
sickle HbS aggregates with RBC cytoplasm, becoming semi-solid and deforming RBC

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13
Q

true or false: reoxygenating may allow sickle RBC to return to normal?

A

true

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14
Q

sickle cell becomes trapped in spleen leading to ______________

A

microphage phagotization

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15
Q

what are the 3 main reasons sickled cells are more prone to occluding vessels?

A

more adherent to vascular endothelial
can trigger coagulation
release of nitric oxide (vasodilator) from sickled cell is impaired

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16
Q

what are some main triggers for sickling and vessel occlusion?

A

cold stress
physical exertion
infection/illnesses
hypoxia
dehydration
acidosis

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17
Q

true or false: sickle cell anemia can lead or organ failure

A

true

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18
Q

What can organ failure (atrophic) in spleen lead to:

A

immunocompromise

19
Q

what is the leading cause of death in patients with sickle cell anemia?

A

acute chest crisis

20
Q

what is acute chest crisis?

A

atypical pneumonia resulting from pulmonary infarction

21
Q

what type of anemia are Thalassemias

A

hemolytic

22
Q

true or false: iron-deficient anemia is the most common cause of anemia

A

true

23
Q

what are megaloblastic anemias?

A

anemia resulting from impaired DNA synthesis leading to enlarged RBCs with poor maturation and division

24
Q

2 main common causes of megaloblastic anemias

A

B12 deficiency
folic acid deficiency

25
Q

what is pernicious anemia?

A

a megaloblastic anemia due to atrophic gastritis

26
Q

what is aplastic anemia

A

disorder of pluripotent bone marrow stem cells

27
Q

what is the result of aplastic anemia

A

low RBC
LOW WBC
low platelets

28
Q

true or false”: in aplastic anemia, immunoconpromise can occur due to neutropenia

A

true

29
Q

what is thrombocytopenia

A

deficiency in platelets in blood

30
Q

what are coagulation disorders due to?
2 main things

A

defects or deficiencies of clotting factors
may be inherited or due to over-consumption/poor production

31
Q

3 main inherited clotting disorders

A

von willdebrand disease
hemophilia A
hemophilia B

32
Q

what are the 2 main types of lymphomas

A

non-hodgkin lymphoma
hodgkin lymphoma

33
Q

main difference between non-hodgkin and hodgkin

A

non: may involve b or t cells; represents variety of neoplasm
hodgkin: presence of Reed-sternberg cell- a large, atypical multinuclear tumor cell

34
Q

what blood type is classified as universal donor?

A

Type O

35
Q

What blood type is classified as the universal recipient?

A

AB

36
Q

define hematocrit

A

measurement OF RBC percentage in total blood volume

37
Q

what are the 3 components of totle blood volume when drawn into vial?

A

plasma, Buffy coat, red blood cells

38
Q

which organ is responsible for producing clotting factors in the blood?

A

liver

39
Q

RBCs are derived from ______ _______ within the _______. ________. RBC production is stimulated by _______, a protein secreted by the _______

A

stem cells
bone marrow
erythropoietin
kidneys

40
Q

3 main organs of hematologic system

A

bone narrow, lover, spleen

41
Q

true or false: bone marrow is the primary site for cell production in the body

A

true

42
Q

what is the spleen role as it relates to cells?

A

filters and breaksdown RBCs
assists with production of lymphocytes
stores 1/3 of body’s platelets

43
Q

what part of the body produces leukocytes, erythrocyte and thrombocytes?

A

bone marrow

204, 301 (15 decks)

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