central nervous system

Question 1

layers from brain to skin (inner to outer)

Answer 1

brain
white matter
grey matter
pia mater
subarachnoid space with CSF
arachnoid
dura mater
bone
periosteum
skin

Question 2

what is a hallmark presentation of epidural hematoma

Answer 2

lucid interval.
patient may regain consciousness but later become unconscious

Question 3

true or false: epidural hematoma involves arterial bleed

Answer 3

true

Question 4

true or false: subdural hematoma involves venous bleed

Answer 4

true

Question 5

true or false: subdural hematoma are slower onset due to venous blood. epidural hematoma are faster onset f symptoms due to arterial bleed

Answer 5

true

Question 6

what is the significance of etco2 in TBI?

Answer 6

hypocapnia causes too much vasoconstriction
and hypercapnia causes too much vasodilation

Question 7

true or false: CO2 is a vasodilator

Answer 7

true

Question 8

what is the goal with decreasing etco2 in TBI?

Answer 8

co2 is a vasodilator, and so low co2 leads to vasoconstriction, which makes brain smaller by reduces cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume.

Question 9

2 periods of TBI

Answer 9

primary - physical damage to parenchyma (tissue, vessels) during traumatic event
secondary- complex process over the next hours to days.

Question 10

After the primary injury, there is cerebral edema and impaired autoregulation. what is the next step, moving into the secondary period?

Answer 10

decreased ATP production with increased lactate acidosis (anaerobic metabolism)

Question 11

After the metabolism changes to anesrobic metabolism, there is an influx of intracellular substances. what are they?

Answer 11

sodium
potassium
calcium
water

Question 12

cushings triad:

Answer 12

HTN: (wide pulse pressure)
bradycardia
irregular respirations

Question 13

what is the difference between focal and generalized seizures?

Answer 13

focal comes from one part of the brain and generalized is produced by the entire brain

Question 14

what is the tonic phase of tonic clonic seizure

Answer 14

stiffening of body

Question 15

what is the clonic phase of tonic clonic seizure

Answer 15

jerking of extremities

Question 16

what does the frontal lobe control:

Answer 16

behavior, personality, problem solving, judgement,smell,coordination of movement

Question 17

what does the occipital lobe control:

Answer 17

vision

Question 18

what does the parietal lobe control:

Answer 18

tactile sensation, proprioception, some language and reading functions

Question 19

what does the temporal lobe function:

Answer 19

auditory memories, hearing, fear, speech, sense of identity

Question 20

which region of head is more prone to seizures after injury

Answer 20

temporal lobe