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204, 301 > arterial blood gases > Flashcards

arterial blood gases Flashcards

1
Q

define respiratory acidosis

A

abnormal CO2 retention due to hypoventilation

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2
Q

what are some main causes respiratory acidosis

A

lung disease, TBI, stroke, OD causing resp depression

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3
Q

define respiratory alkalosis

A

excessive loss of CO2 by hyperventilation

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4
Q

what are some main causes (pt presentations/conditions) respiratory alkalosis

A

anxiety, aspirin OD, (also causes metabolic acidosis) high altitude,fever

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5
Q

define metabolic acidosis

A

reduction of plasma bicarbonate HCO3

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6
Q

what causes metabolic acidosis

A

severe diarrhea, DKA, lactic acidosis

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7
Q

define metabolic alkalosis

A

pH of over 7.45. involves a primary increase in bicarbonate due to loss of H+

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8
Q

what causes metabolic alkalosis

A

vomiting (loss of HCL), alkaline drugs, loss of potassium

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9
Q

What does ROME stand for?

A

Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal

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10
Q

In UNCOMPENSATED respiratory acidosis, which way do the levels go?

A

pH- down
CO2- up
HCO3- no resulting increase

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11
Q

In partially compensated respiratory acidosis, which way do the levels go?

A

pH- down
CO2- up
bicarbonate- up

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12
Q

in FULLY compensated respiratory acidosis, which way do the levels go?

A

pH- normal
CO2- elevated
bicarbonate- elevated

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13
Q

examples of causes of respiratory acidosis

A

severe asthma
pneumonia
hypoventilation

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14
Q

in UNCOMPENSATED respiratory alkalosis, which way do the levels go?

A

pH- elevated
CO2- decreased
HCO3- normal

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15
Q

in UNCOMPENSATED respiratory alkalosis, which way do the levels go?

A

pH- elevated
CO2- decreased
HCO3- normal

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16
Q

In PARTIALLY compensated respiratory alkalosis,which way do the levels go?

A

pH- elevated
CO2- decreased
HCO3- decreased

17
Q

in FULLY compensated respiratory alkalosis, which way do the levels go?

A

pH- normal
CO2- decreased
HCO3- decreased

18
Q

in FULLY compensated respiratory alkalosis, which way do the levels go?

A

pH- normal
CO2- decreased
HCO3- decreased

19
Q

examples of causes of respiratory alkalosis

A

hyperventilation
panick attack
ASA overdose

20
Q

in UNCOMPENSATED metabolic acidosis, which way to the levels go?

A

pH- decreased
CO2- no change, normal
HCO3- decreased

21
Q

in PARTIALLY compensated metabolic acidosis, which way to the levels go?

A

ph- decreased
CO2- decreased
HCO3- decreased

22
Q

in FULLY compensated metabolic acidosis, which way do the levels go?

A

pH- normal
CO2- decreased
HCO3- decreased

23
Q

Examples of causes of metabolic acidosis

A

DKA
lactic acid acidosis
rhabdomyolysis

24
Q

in UNCOMPENSATED metabolic alkalosis, which way do the levels go?

A

pH- elevated
CO2 - remains normal
HCO3- increased

25
Q

in PARTIALLY compensated metabolic alkalosis,which way do the levels go?

A

pH- elevated
CO2- elevated
HCO3- elevated

26
Q

in FULLY compensated metabolic alkalosis, which way do the levels go?

A

pH- normal
CO2- elevated
HCO3- elevated

27
Q

examples of causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

loss of acid
alkaline drugs
loss of potassium

28
Q

compensation mechanisms: PCO2

A

ventilation

29
Q

compensation mechanisms: HCO3

A

metabolism (kidneys)

30
Q

Complete compensation, pH normal or not normal?

A

normal

31
Q

incomplete compensation, is pH normal or not normal?

A

not normal

32
Q

what is the compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis?

A

kidneys retain HCO3 to INCREASE pH

33
Q

what is the compensatory mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?

A

kidneys excrete HCO3 to DECREASE pH

34
Q

what is the compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis?

A

lungs blow off CO2 to INCREASE pH

35
Q

what is the compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis?

A

lungs retain CO2 to DECREASE pH

36
Q

why does diarrhea cause metabolic acidosis?

A

diarrhea most common cause of alkali loss causing metabolic acidosis. loss of sodium bicarbonate

204, 301 (15 decks)

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