arterial blood gases Flashcards
define respiratory acidosis
abnormal CO2 retention due to hypoventilation
what are some main causes respiratory acidosis
lung disease, TBI, stroke, OD causing resp depression
define respiratory alkalosis
excessive loss of CO2 by hyperventilation
what are some main causes (pt presentations/conditions) respiratory alkalosis
anxiety, aspirin OD, (also causes metabolic acidosis) high altitude,fever
define metabolic acidosis
reduction of plasma bicarbonate HCO3
what causes metabolic acidosis
severe diarrhea, DKA, lactic acidosis
define metabolic alkalosis
pH of over 7.45. involves a primary increase in bicarbonate due to loss of H+
what causes metabolic alkalosis
vomiting (loss of HCL), alkaline drugs, loss of potassium
What does ROME stand for?
Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
In UNCOMPENSATED respiratory acidosis, which way do the levels go?
pH- down
CO2- up
HCO3- no resulting increase
In partially compensated respiratory acidosis, which way do the levels go?
pH- down
CO2- up
bicarbonate- up
in FULLY compensated respiratory acidosis, which way do the levels go?
pH- normal
CO2- elevated
bicarbonate- elevated
examples of causes of respiratory acidosis
severe asthma
pneumonia
hypoventilation
in UNCOMPENSATED respiratory alkalosis, which way do the levels go?
pH- elevated
CO2- decreased
HCO3- normal
in UNCOMPENSATED respiratory alkalosis, which way do the levels go?
pH- elevated
CO2- decreased
HCO3- normal
In PARTIALLY compensated respiratory alkalosis,which way do the levels go?
pH- elevated
CO2- decreased
HCO3- decreased
in FULLY compensated respiratory alkalosis, which way do the levels go?
pH- normal
CO2- decreased
HCO3- decreased
in FULLY compensated respiratory alkalosis, which way do the levels go?
pH- normal
CO2- decreased
HCO3- decreased
examples of causes of respiratory alkalosis
hyperventilation
panick attack
ASA overdose
in UNCOMPENSATED metabolic acidosis, which way to the levels go?
pH- decreased
CO2- no change, normal
HCO3- decreased
in PARTIALLY compensated metabolic acidosis, which way to the levels go?
ph- decreased
CO2- decreased
HCO3- decreased
in FULLY compensated metabolic acidosis, which way do the levels go?
pH- normal
CO2- decreased
HCO3- decreased
Examples of causes of metabolic acidosis
DKA
lactic acid acidosis
rhabdomyolysis
in UNCOMPENSATED metabolic alkalosis, which way do the levels go?
pH- elevated
CO2 - remains normal
HCO3- increased
in PARTIALLY compensated metabolic alkalosis,which way do the levels go?
pH- elevated
CO2- elevated
HCO3- elevated
in FULLY compensated metabolic alkalosis, which way do the levels go?
pH- normal
CO2- elevated
HCO3- elevated
examples of causes of metabolic alkalosis
loss of acid
alkaline drugs
loss of potassium
compensation mechanisms: PCO2
ventilation
compensation mechanisms: HCO3
metabolism (kidneys)
Complete compensation, pH normal or not normal?
normal
incomplete compensation, is pH normal or not normal?
not normal
what is the compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis?
kidneys retain HCO3 to INCREASE pH
what is the compensatory mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?
kidneys excrete HCO3 to DECREASE pH
what is the compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis?
lungs blow off CO2 to INCREASE pH
what is the compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis?
lungs retain CO2 to DECREASE pH
why does diarrhea cause metabolic acidosis?
diarrhea most common cause of alkali loss causing metabolic acidosis. loss of sodium bicarbonate
