Hemostasis and Thrombosis Flashcards
Midterm 2
blood components
55% plasma => 7% proteins, 91% water, 2% ions/nutrients/waste
45% fortified elements =>platelets(250-400k/mm^3), leukocytes(5-9k/mm^3), erythrocytes(4.2-6.2mil/mm^3)
leukocytes => 60-70% neutrophils, 20-25% lymphocytes, 3-6% monocytes, 2-4% eosinophils, 0.5-1% basophils
platelet receptors
GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa
hemostasis
the stopping of hemorrhage or bleeding
thrombosis
hemostasis in the wrong place - clotting
virchow’s triad
blood <> flow <> surface<>
primary hemostasis
- platelet adhesion
- shape change
- granule release
- recruitment
- aggregation
secondary hemostasis
- tissue factor
- phospholipid complex expression
- thrombin activation
- fibrin polymerization
platelets
adhesion(GpIb - vWF, collagen materials) > Aggregation(GpIIb/IIIa - fibrinogen) > Release
prostacyclin PGI2
causes vasodilation, inhibits platelet aggregation
thromboxane TXA2
causes vasoconstriction, promotes platelet aggregation
arachidonic acid pathway
arachidonic acid > prostaglandin G2 > Prostaglandin H2 > prostacyclin & thromboxane
adsorbed proteins
Albumin, IgG, fibrinogen, others
blood clotting
fibrinogen is acted on by thrombin, which converts it into fibrin
other factors necessary for clotting
calcium, vitamin K, phospholipids
fibrinolysis
plasiminogen is acted on by tPa or uPA Streptokinase Urokinase, turning it into plasmin, which acts on fibrin, turning it into fibrin degradation products
Lab tests
blood smear, bleeding time, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, D-dimers
heparin
binds to antithrombin, which inactivates thrombin and acts catalytically, increases effect of antithrombin
thrombosis
solid mass in dysfunctional blood vessels, deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
vroman affect
protein adsorption, high mobility proteins are adsorbed first, then replaced by less mobile proteins with a higher affinity to the surface
