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HEMATOLOGY 1 > Hemoglobin Part 1 > Flashcards

Hemoglobin Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Volume of Hemoglobin in RBC

A

approx. 34 g/dL

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2
Q

Molecular Weight of Hemoglobin

A

64,000 Daltons

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3
Q

Functions of Hemoglobin

A
  • Transports oxygen from lungs to tissues
  • Transports carbon dioxide from tissues to
    the lungs
  • Transports of nitric oxide
  • Contributes to acid-base balance
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4
Q

is a substance that regulate the vascular
tone and considered a vasodilator

A

Nitric oxide

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5
Q

How does Hgb contributes to acid-base balance?

A
  • Hgb binds to H+ ions (decrease conc.
    of H+ ions) → ↑ pH (alkaline)
  • Hgb releases H+ ions (increase conc.
    of free H+ ions) → ↓ pH (acidic)
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6
Q

Note:
H+ ions concentration is inversely proportional to pH

A

↑ H+ ions →↓ pH (acidic)
↓H+ ions → ↑ pH (alkaline)

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7
Q

Hemoglobin can be separated in what two components?

A
  • Heme portion
  • Globin portion
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8
Q

HEME STRUCTURE contains

A

Heme/ Ferroprotoporphyrin IX

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9
Q

Heme/Ferroprotoporphyrin IX is consist of

A
  • Consists of: Protoporphyrin IX (ring of
    carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms) +
    Ferrous Iron
  • 1 heme: Ferrous iron combines with 1 O2
    molecule
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10
Q

How is methemoglobin formed?

A

Fe2+ → oxidized to Fe3+ → can’t bind O2
→ Methemoglobin (non-functional; no
oxygen-carrying capacity)

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11
Q

GLOBIN STRUCTURE contains

A

Globin Chains

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12
Q

Globin/Polypeptide Chain is consists of

A

2 identical pairs of unlike polypeptide chains

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13
Q

Note:
The four globin chains comprising each
hemoglobin molecule consist of two identical
pairs of unlike polypeptide chains:

A
  • The color (2) pink and (2) blue in the
    image is the Globin/Polypeptide Chain
  • 1 pair: 1 globin (pink) + 1 globin (blue);
    both horizontally and vertically
  • 1 pair: 1 alpha and 1 beta (2 different
    polypeptide chains, hence unlike
    polypeptide chains
  • Each pair have similar pair with others,
    hence 2 identical pairs
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14
Q

Variation in ____________________________
gives rise to different types of globin
chains | variation in ___________________ gives rise to different types of hemoglobin

A

amino acid sequence; the combination of two globin chains

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15
Q

1 globin chain is divided into __ helices
(linear & rigid) separated by __
nonhelical segments (flexible)

A

8 ; 7

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16
Q

is composed of 2 alpha and 2 gamma. It composed of different combination of two globin chains

A

Hemoglobin F

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17
Q

Alpha (Globin Chain) - Number of Amino Acids

A

141

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18
Q

Gamma (Globin Chain) - Number of Amino Acids

A

146

18
Q

Beta (Globin Chain) - Number of Amino Acids

A

146

19
Q

Delta (Globin Chain) - Number of Amino Acids

A

146

20
Q

Epsilon (Globin Chain) - Number of Amino Acids

A

146

21
Q

Zeta (Globin Chain) - Number of Amino Acids

A

141

22
Q

Alpha (Globin Chain) - Chromosome

A

16

23
Q

Beta (Globin Chain) - Chromosome

A

11

24
Q

Gamma (Globin Chain) - Chromosome

A

11

25
Q

Delta (Globin Chain) - Chromosome

A

11

26
Q

Epsilon (Globin Chain) - Chromosome

A

11

27
Q

Zeta (Globin Chain) - Chromosome

A

16

28
Q

Hemoglobin Molecule Primary Structure

A

amino acid sequence

29
Q

Hemoglobin Molecule Secondary Structure

A

chain arrangements in helices and nonhelices

30
Q

Hemoglobin Molecule Tertiary Structure

A

arrangement of helices in pretzel-like configuration

31
Q

is suspended between E & F helices

A

Heme

32
Q

The pretzel-like configuration will now form a pocket in order to

A

accommodate the heme

33
Q

The amino acids present inside the pocket are _________, while the amino acid outside are ___________.

A

hydrophobic; hydrophilic

34
Q

This arrangement of acids in the polypeptide chain will make the hemoglobin as a

A

whole -water soluble.

35
Q

The iron inside the heme must be maintained in its _______ state so that the heme will be capable of binding to oxygen

A

ferrous

36
Q

Hemoglobin Molecule Quaternary Structure/Tetramer

A

complete Hgb molecule | spherical/globular | 4 heme groups + 4 globin chains

37
Q

Summary of Hemoglobin Molecule

A
  • 1 Hgb = 4 heme + 4 globin/polypeptide chains
  • 1 heme = 4 Pyrrole Rings + 1 Iron (Fe2+) | 1 Hgb = 4 iron molecules
  • 1 heme = 1 Iron (Fe2+) + 1 mole of O2 (1.34 mL) | 1 Hgb= 4 moles of O2
38
Q

predominant adult hemoglobin

A

Hb A

39
Q

small % of Hb A is glycated

A

HbA1c (4% to 6%)

40
Q

nonenzymatic binding of various sugars
to the globin chain over the life span of the RBC

A

Glycation

41
Q

hemoglobin that contains sugar- bound in its globin chain.

A

Glycated Hemoglobin

42
Q

The most characterized of the glycated
hemoglobin is

A

Hb A1c (4 to 6%)

43
Q
A

HEMATOLOGY 1 (12 decks)

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