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HEMATOLOGY 1 > Erythropoiesis > Flashcards

Erythropoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Mature erythrocytes are _________,
__________ with a __________ that
occupies one-third of the cell.

A

nonnucleated; biconcave disc; central pallor

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2
Q

RBC Life Span

A

120 days = 4 months

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3
Q

Main function RBC

A

transports or carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues where oxygen is released

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4
Q

Secondary function RBC

A

: transports carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs + buffers the pH of the blood

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5
Q

Maturation Process of RBC

A

Pluripotent HSC → Common Myeloid Progenitor (CMP) → Burst-Forming Unit Erythroid (BFU-E) → + IL 3, GM-CSF, Kit Ligand → CFU-E + Erythropoietin → RBC Precursor cells → Mature RBC

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6
Q

➔ serves as the earliest erythroid progenitor cell
➔ It requires the following hematopoietic growth factors: IL 3, GM-CSF, Kit Ligand

A

BFU-E

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7
Q

BFU-E requires what growth factors:

A

IL-3, GM-CSF, Kit Ligand

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8
Q

➔ has fewer EPO receptors than CFU-E; hence, it does not have an absolute requirement for
EPO (kaya walang EPO sa hematopoietic growth factor ng BFU-E)
➔ can survive without EPO

A

BFU-E

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9
Q

➔ has more EPO receptors than BFU-E. This makes CFU-E a progenitor cell that has an
absolute requirement for EPO.
➔ cannot survive without EPO

A

CFU-E

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10
Q

➔ needed by CFU-E in order for it to differentiate into the earliest recognizable erythroid precursor cell (pronormoblast)

A

EPO

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11
Q

Erythroid Progenitors

A

BFU-E and CFU-E

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12
Q

earliest committed erythroid progenitor; cell gives rise to large colonies that burst

A

❖ Burst-Forming Unit-Erythroid

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13
Q

gives rise to smaller colonies

A

Colony-Forming Unit-Erythroid

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14
Q

It takes approximately _______ days for BFU-E → mature RBC

A

18-21

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15
Q

BFU-E → CFU-E Duration

A

1 week

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16
Q

❖CFU-E → pronormoblast

A

1 week

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17
Q

Pronormoblast → mature RBC

A

6-7 days

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18
Q

The cell will divide first (mitosis) and then it will be followed by the production of identical daughter cells that will undergo maturation and they will develop into the next stage.

A

Normoblastic Proliferation

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19
Q

Direct descendant of CFU-E

A

Pronormoblast

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20
Q

What happens in normoblastic proliferation:

A

Cell division → development of daughter cells to the next stage is only applicable from CFU-E to polychromatophilic normoblast.

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21
Q

Not capable of cell division, only maturation

A

Orthochromatophilic normoblast

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22
Q

mature RBCs

A

Erythrocytes

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22
Q

immature RBCs (erythroid precursor cells)

A

Erythroblasts/Normoblasts

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23
Q

still considered an erythroid precursorcell/immature RBC despite its name, “erythrocyte”

A

Polychromatic erythrocyte

24
Q

also called Normoblasts because they are considered to be developing nucleated precursor cells in the bone marrow and they have normal appearance except for polychromatic erythrocyte

A

Erythroblasts

25
Q

Normoblastic stage NOMENCLATURE

A
  • Pronormoblastic
  • Basophilic normoblast
  • Polychromatic (Polychromatophilic) Normoblast
  • Orthochromic Normoblast
  • Polychromatic (Polychromatophilic) Erythorocyte
  • Erythrocyte
26
Q

Rubriblastic stage NOMENCLATURE

A
  • Rubriblast
  • Prorubricyte
  • Rubricyte
  • Metarubricyte
  • Polychromatic (Polychromatophilic) erythrocyte
  • Erythrocyte
27
Q

Erythroblastic Stage NOMENCLATURE

A
  • Proerythroblast
  • Basophilic erythroblast
  • Polychromatic (polychromatophilic)
    erythroblast
  • Orthochromic erythroblast
  • Polychromatic (polychromatophilic)
    erythrocyte
  • Erythrocyte
28
Q

CRITERIA USED IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF ERYTHROID PRECURSORS

A

❖ Diameter of the cell decreases
❖ Diameter of nucleus decreases more rapidly than the cell | N:C ratio decreases
❖ Nuclear chromatin pattern → coarser, clumped, condensed (raspberry-like appearance)
❖ Nucleoli disappears → cessation of protein synthesis
❖ Cytoplasm changes from blue to gray-blue (Basophilic) to salmon pink (Acidophilic/Eosinophilic)

29
Q

Cell maturity is__________ proportional to the size of the cell and nucleus but _________ proportional to the size of the cytoplasm.

A

inversely proportional; directly proportional

30
Q

➔ A condition in which the nucleus and cytoplasm mature at different rates

A

ASYNCHRONOUS ERYTHROPOIESIS

31
Q

as the cell matures, so is the cytoplasm but with this condition, the nuclear maturation lags behind the cytoplasmic maturation

A

Different Rates

32
Q

Usually associated with impaired DNA synthesis that is why we have cases of
erythroblastic anemia

A

ASYNCHRONOUS ERYTHROPOIESIS

33
Q

As the cell matures, the condensation/clumping of nuclear chromatin _________ making the nucleus ________.

A

increases; smaller

34
Q

➔ Causes the decrease in size of the nucleus
➔ Causes in the decline of nuclear activity until the nucleus become inactive and expelled

A

Condensation/Clumping of Nuclear Chromatin

35
Q

In synthesis of proteins, we need ribosomal RNA, therefore once the nuclear activity declines, it will lead to

A

decline of the metabolic and synthetic
activities in the cell.

36
Q

ERYTHROID PRECURSOR CELLS
First stage:

A

nucleoli are still present but as it develops to the next stages, nucleoli disappear

37
Q

→ due to its acidic components which attract basic stain (methylene blue)

A

Blueness or basophilia

38
Q

➔ An example of a Polychromatic stain (stains the basic and acidic components)

The cytoplasm is color blue because of the acidic components that attract the basic stain.

A

Basic Stain in Wright’s Stain

39
Q

amount of ribosomal RNA

ribosomes + other organelles ↓, blueness fades

A

Basophilia

40
Q

is directly proportional to the amount of acidic components (ribosomal RNA, ribosomes and other acidic components of the cell)

A

Basophilia

41
Q

due to its basic components which attract
acid stain (eosin)

accumulation of hemoglobin

A

Eosinophilia

42
Q
  • when amounts of ribosomal RNA and ribosomes increase
A

Basophilia

43
Q

when hemoglobin accumulation increases in the cytoplasm

A

Eosinophilia

44
Q

correlates well with the amount of ribosomal RNA and ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

A

Basophilia/Blueness

45
Q

correlates well with the amount of hemoglobin in the cytoplasm

A

Eosinophilia/Pinkness

46
Q

How many mature RBCs are produced in 1 pronormoblast?

A

16/8-32 mature RBCs

47
Q

most important in the early stages of RBC development; serves as the site for DNA and RNA synthesis

A

Nucleus

48
Q

composed of DNA, histones and other CHONs

A

Chromatin

49
Q

– inactive; appears more condensed; takes up basic dye (basophilic color – dark blue)

A

Heterochromatin

50
Q

active; appears more open/granular; does not take up basic dye

A

Eurochromatin

51
Q

site of globin synthesis and other CHONs in the cytoplasm of early erythrocyte precursors

A

Ribosomes

52
Q

contribute to the blueness of the cytoplasm along with Ribosomes

A

rRNA

53
Q

site of aerobic generation of energy for the
maturing cell and insertion of ferrous iron into protoporphyrin IX (heme synthesis)

A

Mitochondria

54
Q

○ can be found freely dispersed in the cytoplasm
○ they are bound to vesicles

A

Iron (in the form of ferritin)

55
Q

Iron can be stained using

A

Prussian blue

56
Q

In Prussian blue, ferritin appears as small blue aggregates called

A

siderotic granules

57
Q

What stain is used for punctate basophilia?

A
  • Use wright stain/supravital stain
  • RNA stains deeply with wright stain forming deep blue aggregates/small dots
58
Q

Is it true that the best way to differentiate mature and immature RBC, aside from cell size and N:C ratio, is their chromatin pattern?

A

Yes. The most important criteria in the identification of the different stages of RBC maturation is their nuclear chromatin.

HEMATOLOGY 1 (12 decks)

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