Hemoglobin

Question 1

What is the function of hemoglobin?

Answer 1

Transports oxygen from lungs to the
tissues and transports Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from the
tissues to the lungs.

Question 2

What is the concentration of hemoglobin?

Answer 2

Approximately 34g/dL with a
molecular weight of 64,000 daltons

Question 3

Hgb comprises _____ of the cytoplasmic content of
RBCs.

Answer 3

95%

Question 4

What is the shape of globular protein?

Answer 4

Spherical in shape

Question 5

What are the reasons why Hgb are in the RBCs?

Answer 5

o Protection from denaturation
o So that it does not get lost to the kidneys.

Question 6

The first protein whose structure was described using
X-ray crystallography.

Answer 6

Hemoglobin

Question 7

Heme consists of a ring of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms called?

Answer 7

Protoporphyrin IX

Question 8

What does the 4 globin chains comprise?

Answer 8

Two identical pairs of unlike polypeptide chains.

Question 9

Heme-Globin ratio:

Answer 9

1:1

Question 10

1 hemoglobin is equal to 4 oxygen. Their iron will
bind with oxygen from ferrous to ferric. Once it
become ________, hemoglobin may not further take
_______.

Answer 10

Ferric; Oxygen

Question 11

Heme consists three elements:

Answer 11

Carbon, Hydrogen,
& Nitrogen.

Question 12

embedded within the heme group

Answer 12

Ferrous iron:

Question 13

What is the abnormality in the sickle-hemoglobin?

Answer 13

A substitution of proteins in the polypeptide
chains.

Question 14

Quaternary structure is also known as?

Answer 14

Tetramer

Question 15

Amino acids’ structure.

Answer 15

Primary structure

Question 16

Pertains to the arrangement: helix or non-helix

Answer 16

Secondary structure

Question 17

Characterized by the “Pretzel” formation of the
helixes.

Answer 17

Tertiary structures

Question 18

4,4,4: 4 heme, 4 globin, and 4 oxygen

Answer 18

Quaternary structure

Question 19

Where does heme biosynthesis occur?

Answer 19

Mitochondria and cytoplasm

Question 20

Which is located in the chromosome 16?

Answer 20

Alpha
Zeta

Question 21

chromosome 11

Answer 21

epsilon, gamma, delta, and beta-globin gene
cluster

Question 22

Where does the production of globin chains take place?

Answer 22

Erythroid precursors

Question 23

Heme inhibits the transcription of
the ALA synthase gene, which leads to a decrease in
heme production (negative feedback mechanism)

Answer 23

Heme regulation

Question 24

mainly controlled at the
transcription level by a complex interaction of DNA
sequences. It is also regulated during translation when
mRNA coding for the globin chains associates with
ribosomes to produce the polypeptide

Answer 24

Globin regulation

Question 25

When there is an insufficient quantity of hemoglobin or
if the hemoglobin molecule is defective in transporting
oxygen, tissue _______ occurs.

Answer 25

Hypoxia

Question 26

Hypoxia is detected by the ________________ of the
kidney, which responds by increasing the production of
erythropoietin (EPO).

Answer 26

Petribular cells

Question 27

EPO increases the number of erythrocytes produced
and released into the ____________

Answer 27

Periphery