Hemodynamics and Ventricular Function: Clinical Application Flashcards

1
Q

pulmonary artery (PA) catheter

A

aka PA line or Swan-Ganz catheter

consists of:

balloon tip with thermistor

computer input

pulmonary artery pressure port

right atrial pressure port (medication infusion)

balloon port (inflate and deflate balloon)

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2
Q

uses of the PA catheter

A

determine cause of pulmonary edema (cardiogenic vs. non-cardiogenic)

determine type of shock (cardiogenic vs. hypovolemic vs. distributive)

determine cardiac output

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3
Q

contraindications for the PA line

A

vascular access issues

left bundle branch block

acuse pulmonary embolism, right atrial thrombus, or right ventricular thrombus or mass

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4
Q

process of inserting the PA line

A

can be done without x-ray guidance

look at pressure waves:

big step-up in ventricles

diastolic pressure steps up in PA

A and V waves in the pulmonary wedge

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5
Q

normal CO

A

4-8 L/min

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6
Q

normal CI

A

2.5-4.0 L/min/m2

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7
Q

normal SV

A

50-100 mL

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8
Q

normal SVI

A

25-50 mL/m2

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9
Q

normal SVR

A

800-1200 dynes-sec/cm5

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10
Q

normal PVR

A

<240 dynes-sec/cm5

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11
Q

tall atrial A waves

A

tricuspid stenosis

pulmonic stenosis

pulmonary HTN

cor pulmonale

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12
Q

cannon A waves

A

AV dissociation

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13
Q

absence of A waves

A

atrial fibrillation

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14
Q

prominent C wave

A

1st degree AV block

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15
Q

prominent C-V wave

A

tricuspid regurgitation

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16
Q

priminent X and Y descent

A

constrictive pericarditis

restrictive cardiomyopathy

17
Q

blunting of the Y descent

A

cardiac tamponade

18
Q

What is the pulmonary capillary pressure ann estimate of?

A

LA pressure, estimating LV EDP if the mitral valve is normal

19
Q

Fick cardiac output

A

based on arteriovenous oxygen difference

CO = [O2 consumption]/[1.34 x 10 x Hgb x (arterial O2 sat - mixed venous O2 sat)

20
Q

thermodilution (TD) cardiac output

A

thermistor on the distal tip of the PA line

cold saline injection at the RA and then temperature is measured over time

area under the curve = cardiac output

21
Q

SVR equation

A

[(mean arterial pressure - central venous pressure)/cardiac output] x 80

22
Q

PVR equation

A

[(mean pulmonary artery pressure - PCWP)/cardiac output)] x 80

23
Q

RA pressure, CO, and SVR in cardiogenic shock

A

RA pressure increases

CO decreases

SVR increases

24
Q

RA pressure, CO, and SVR in septic shock

A

RA pressure decreases

CO increases

SVR decreases

25
RA pressure, CO, and SVR in cardiogenic shock in hypovolemic shock
RA pressure decreases CO decreases SVR increases
26
mean arterial pressure equation
MAP = (SBP + 2\*DBP)/3
27
pulse pressure equation
SBP - DBP
28
blood pressure, CO, and TPR
BP = CO x TPR
29
SV, CO, and HR
CO = HR x SV
30
pressure, resistance, and flow
resistance = pressure/flow
31
negative effects of too much preload
increased back pressure and congeestion increased resistance to subendocardial blood flow increased myocardial oxygen demand
32
determinants of ventricular compliance
filling volume (-) wall thickness (-) ventricular size (+)
33
core hemodynamic variables
SV - pump performance CO - blood flow RA pressure (CVP) - RV filling pressure PCWP - LV filling pressure SvO2 - tissue oxygenation
34
rule of 6s
RA \< 6 mmHg RV \< 30/6 mmHg PA \< 30/12 mmHg PCWP \< 12 mmHg
35
SvO2 normal range
60% to 80% any lower, threat to tissue oxygenation higher can also represent thret to tissue oxygenation
36
causes of cardiogenic shock
acute MI, acute PE, cardiac tamponade, CHF exacerbation