Heme and Immune System Diseases Flashcards
Blood is the only
liquid connective tissue
Functions of blood
Temp. regulation,pH balance, nutritional hormone transport, waste disposal, immune response
RBC are removed from circulation via
the spleen
What is anemia
an absolute decrease in the red cell mass as measured by RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, and PCV
3 major rule-outs for anemia
-loss, lysis, lack of production
Anemias are
Regenerative or Non-regenerative
In regenerative anemia, the bone marrow responds to the
decreased red cell mass by increasing RBC production and releasing reticulocytes
In non regenerative anemia, the bone marrow responds
Inadequately to the increased need for RBC
A reticulocyte is
an immune stage of a red blood cell
Diagnosis of anemia
CBC, Blood smear, HX
Clinical signs associated with anemia
pale MM, +/- jaundice, weakness, tachycardia, depression, dehydration, hypovolemia, shock
Hemorrhage
typically results after trauma, may be associated with severe thrombocytopenia
Treating a hemorrhage
ID the cause and treat accordingly, treat shock and volume replacement, transfusions
Iron deficiency anemia occurs after
chronic blood loss, sever flea infestation, internal parasite infestation
Etiology of Hemolysis in dogs and cats
Idiopathic IMHA, infectious, neoplastic
Etiology of hemolysis in horses
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
Blood-borne parasites may cause
hemolytic anemia
Mycoplasma hemofelis
Bacteria that is the common cause of hemolytic anemia in cats
Transmission of Mycoplasma hemofelis
Fleas; direct transmission associated with fighting suspected in cats
Cytauxzoon felis
protozoal organism transmitted to domestic cats by tick bites. causes fatal anemia in cats (within days)
Babes canis, Babesia gibsoni
Tick-borne disease in dogs (Rhipicephalus sanguineus)
What are Heinz bodies?
Denaturation of hemoglobin that occurs secondary to oxidative damage
Toxin-induced anemia aka
Heinz body anemia
Breed disposition of IMHA
poodles, old English sheep dogs, Irish settlers, cocker spaniels
Diagnosis of IMHA
Agglutination test (in house), Coombs test (dx lab)
Treatment of IMHA
Immunosuppressants, Anti-ulcer therapy, Tx for DIC if necessary
Client education for IMHA
Guarded prognosis, 30-40% mortality rate, relapses common
Origin of Platelets
Bone marrow
Function of platelets
blood clotting
Increased platelets is called
Thrombocytosis
Decreased platelets called
Thrombocytopenia
Toxin that affects platelets of small animals
Rodenticide
IMTP diagnosis
CBC/blood smear, Clinical signs: petechial hemorrhages
Treatment of IMTP
Immunosuppressants, Chemotherapy, Platelet rich plasma transfusion, anti-ulcer drugs
Von Willbrand’s disease (vWD)
a blood disease caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand Factor (vWF), an adhesive glycoprotein in the blood required for normal platelet binding
Most common hereditary blood clotting disorder in dogs
vWD
Clinical signs of vWD
prolonged bleeding after sx or estrus, nose bleeds, petechiae
Leukocytes (WBC) origin and function
Bone marrow; inflammatory response
Lymphoma
in animals, a type of cancer defined by proliferation of malignant lymphocytes within solid organs such as the lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, and spleen
Lymphomas are defined by
Anatomic location: Mediastinal, Alimentary, Multicentric. Extent of disease
Feline lymphoma, 70% of cases associated with
FeLV, most commonly multi centric lymphoma
Feline Lymphoma clinical signs
Peripheral lymphadenopathy, anorexia, V+, Dyspnea, weight loss
Diagnosis of Feline lymphoma
FNA with cytology
Client education for feline lymphoma
No cure, Px: 2-42 months, Chemo side effects
Most common hematopoietic tumor in dogs
Canine lymphoma
