Diseases of the eye Flashcards
The most highly developed of all specialty senses
Eye
Diseases of the eye are divided into 3 categories
1.Diseases involving accessory structures
2. Diseases involving structures within the globe
3.Diseases that involve the retina and neural pathways
Diseases involving accessory structures
Conjunctivitis, Epiphora, Keratoconjunctivitis sick (KCS), Cherry eye
What are the accessory structures of the eye
Eyelids, tear ducts, third eyelid, lacrimal glands
Conjunctivitis in dogs is typically
Non-infectious
Conjunctivitis of cats is typically
infectious
Epiphora
over production of tears
Keratoconjunctivitis sick (KCS) commonly referred to as
Dry eye
Any condition that impairs the ability to produce adequate amounts of tear film can result in
Dry eye
KCS causes
immune mediated disease that damage tear producing glands, systemic diseases like canine distemper or feline herpes, hypothyroidism
Normal STT is
20 +/-5
With KCS there is often
thick yellowish mucoid discharge present
Blepharitis
inflammation/swelling of the eyelids
Hordeolum
Access of sebaceous gland
Entropion
defect involving the eyelids causing them to roll in toward the cornea
Ectropion
defect involving the eyelids causing them to roll outward exposing the cornea
3 forms of entropion
1.Congenital 2.Acquired non-spastic
3.Acquired spastic
What is cherry eye
Prolapse/hypertrophy/ inflammation of the gland of the nictitating membrane
it is considered __ to remove a cherry eye
malpractice
Diseases involving the structures within the globe
Corneal ulcers, cataracts, glaucoma, uveitis, trauma
Glaucoma is
increased pressure within the eye
Normal IOP is
20 +/-5
How does glaucoma effect the eye
Pain due to IOP (increased ocular pressure) and vision loss
Primary glaucoma is
inherited
Secondary glaucoma
occurs when other eye diseases cause decreased drainage of fluid from inside the eye
__ development of IOP>60 mm Hg can produce blindness within hours
Acute
Tonometry is
measurement of IOP
Main client education for glaucoma
A progressive condition that will require life-long treatment
Ulcerative keratitis aka
corneal ulcers
One of the most common cause of ocular disease in horse
corneal ulcers
Why should you not give steroids for ulcerative keratitis?
steroids will slow the healing process and may make the ulcer worse
Chronic superficial keratitis aka
Pannus
Pannus is
an immune mediated corneal disease primarily found in the German shepherd breed
What is a cataract
any opacity within a lens
Secondary disease of cataracts in dogs
Diabetes mellitus, hypocalcemia, other ocular diseases, toxicity
Secondary diseases for cataracts in cats (rare)
FeLV, Toxoplasmosis
Uveitis is almost always a
Systemic disease
Clinical signs of Anterior Uveitis
decreased IOP, epiphora, episcleral injection, prolapsed 3rd eyelid
Recurrent uveitis aka
Moon blindness
Diseases involving the retina and neural pathway
Progressive retinal atrophy
Clinical signs of Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)
loss of night vision w/ slowly progressive loss of day vision and formation of cataracts
Diagnosis of PRA is full ophthalmic exam and ERG which is
electroretinography which measures the electrical responses of various cell types in the retina
