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Pathology & Diseases > Equine Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Equine Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Viral disease of horses and other equidae. This disease can be caused by several strains but most commonly Type 1 and Type 4

A

Equine Herpesvirus Infection (Equine viral rhinopneumonitis, Equine abortion virus)

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2
Q

EHV Type 1 causes

A

Respiratory disease, abortions, and/or neurologic disease

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3
Q

EHV Type 4 causes

A

Respiratory disease especially in weanlings but can rarely cause abortions also

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4
Q

Etiology of Equine Herpesvirus Infection

A

Type 1: EHV-1
Type 2: EHV-4

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5
Q

Neurologic form of EHV type 1 is called

A

Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy

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6
Q

Respiratory form of EHV type 1 and type 4 is called

A

Rhinopneumonitis

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7
Q

Both EHV-1 and EHV-4 spread via

A

Aerosolized secretions from infected coughing horses

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8
Q

EHV-1 also transmitted by

A

Contact with aborted fetuses, fetal fluids, and placentae associated with abortions

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9
Q

Which type of EHV is reportable?

A

EHV-1

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10
Q

Symptoms of EHV

A

-Fever, serous nasal discharge, malaise, pharyngitis, cough, inappetence, secondary bacterial infections

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11
Q

Treatment for EHV

A

None, supportive care

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12
Q

Vaccination of EHV may:

A

Reduce the severity and duration of disease but will not totally prevent the disease

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13
Q

How should mares be vaccinated for prevention of abortion

A

During 5th, 6th, and 9th months of gestation using inactive EHV-1 vaccine

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14
Q

A highly contagious viral disease that spreads rapidly among naive horses

A

Equine Influenza

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15
Q

Etiology of Equine influenza

A

Viral: H3N8 orthomyxovirus, equine influenza A type 2

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16
Q

Clinical signs of Equine Influenza

A

High fever, serous nasal discharge, submandibular lymphadenopathy, dry/harsh cough, depression, anorexia, weakness

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17
Q

Sample needed for virus isolation and antigen detection of Equine influenza

A

Nasopharyngeal swabs

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18
Q

All horses should be vaccinated against equine influenza unless

A

They live in a closed and isolated facility

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19
Q

Etiology of Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)

A

Viral: enveloped single-stranded RNA virus

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20
Q

Is EVA zoonotic and reportable?

A

Zoonotic-No
Reportable- YES

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21
Q

Transmission of EAV

A

Respiratory, venereal, and congenital routes or by indirect means

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22
Q

Reservoir for EVA

A

Carrier stallions

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23
Q

Clinical signs for EVA

A

Fever,swelling of; legs, scrotum, sheath, mammary glands, above/around eyes. Anorexia, depression, conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, abortion in pregnant mares, pneumonia and death in young foals

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24
Q

The only definite means of diagnosing EVA is by

A

laboratory testing

25
Q

Equine strangles etiology

A

Streptococcus equi (gram-positive, Bhemolytic cocci)

26
Q

An infectious, contagious disease of Equidae characterized by abscessation of the lymphoid tissue of the upper respiratory tract

A

Equine Strangles

27
Q

Is equine strangles zoonotic and reportable?

A

Zoonotic- No
Reportable- YES

28
Q

Transmission of Equine strangles

A

Fomites and direct contact with infectious exudates. Vectors: flies

29
Q

Within 24-48 hrs of initial fever spike, horse will exhibit signs of typical strangles including

A

Mucoid to mucopurulent nasal discharge, depression, submandibular lymphadenopathy

30
Q

Diagnosis of Equine strangles is confirmed by

A

Bacterial culture of exudate from abscesses or nasal swab samples

31
Q

Which vaccine provides the most protection from Equine Strangles

A

intranasal vaccine containing live attenuated strain of S. equi

32
Q

Equine strangles vaccine should be given every _ months after initial 2 dose series

A

6

33
Q

How does Tetanus enter the body

A

Through wounds, particularly puncture wounds if the wound is dirty

34
Q

Tetanus is caused by the bacterium:

A

Clostridium tetani

35
Q

Classical signs of Tetanus

A

progressively worsening muscular stiffness and spasms

36
Q

Tetanus toxoid vaccine

A

purified, inactivated toxin

37
Q

Tetanus antitoxin vaccine

A

produced by hyper immunization of donor horses with tetanus toxoid

38
Q

How is vaccination recommended for Tetanus in all horses and ponies

A

On an annual basis

39
Q

A horse disease caused by retrovirus and transmitted by bloodsucking insects

A

Equine infectious anemia (EIA)

40
Q

Although most infected horses show no symptoms, of EIA

A

There is no cure and they remain contagious for life

41
Q

Transmission of EIA

A

Blood transmission by horseflies, deer flies, or mosquitos, or by in-utero passage from mare to foal

42
Q

Diagnosis of EIA

A

Coggins (AGID) and C-ELISA tests

43
Q

Only protection of EIA is

A

Prevention! There is no tx, vaccine, or cure

44
Q

EIA positive horses must be

A

lifelong quarantined

45
Q

Potomac Horse Fever etiology

A

Neorickettsia risticii

46
Q

Potomac horse fever is

A

seasonal, vaccination should be timed to precede anticipated peak during summer or fall

47
Q

Leptospirosis clinical signs

A

Recurrent uveitis, late term abortion, acute renal failure

48
Q

Rotaviral Diarrhea is a major infectious cause of

A

Foal diarrhea

49
Q

Western, Eastern, Venezuelan Encephalitis (WEE,EEE,VEE) is characterized by signs of

A

CNS dysfunction and moderate to high mortality

50
Q

Etiology of (WEE,EEE,VEE)

A

Arbovirus; Genus: Flavivirus (enveloped RNA virus)

51
Q

The principal means of transmission and amplification of EEE is

A

Mosquito-avian-mosquito cycle

52
Q

West Nile virus (WNV) etiology

A

Arboviruses

53
Q

Transmission of WNV

A

Enzootic transmission cycle between wild birds and mosquitos

54
Q

Prevention of WNV

A

Mosquito control

55
Q

Is Equine Viral Encephalomyelitis zoonotic and reportable?

A

YES and YES

56
Q

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) etiology

A

protozoan, Sarcocystis neurona

57
Q

Definitive host for S neurona in the US is the

A

opossum

58
Q

Transmission of EPM

A

horses ingest S neurona sporocysts in contaminated feed or water

Pathology & Diseases (6 decks)

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