Hematopoiesis and Cellular Elements of the Blood Flashcards
In a centrifuge tube, what layers reflect heterogeneity?
Top layer: Plasma
Middle layer: Buffy coat
Bottom layer: RBC
What is plasma and what does it consist of?
Plasma is the fluid extracellular material of blood, in which there are suspended cellular elements. It is mostly water and contains proteins: albumin, alpha and beta globulin, gamma globulins, complement proteins, and fibrinogen
What is in the buffy coat?
This has granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils. And it has lymphocytes, platelets, monocytes, and leukocytes.
What is difference between plasma and serum?
Serum is plasma without clotting factors.
Where do B and T cells come from?
They originate from lymphoid stem cells. B cells come from bone marrow and T cells come from bone marrow but mature in the thymus.
Where do polymorphonuclear cells come from?
Myeloid stem cells.
Where do monocytes come from?
Lymphoid stem cells.
What type of cell are erythrocytes developed from?
Proerythroblast.
What type of cells are platelets developed from?
Megakaryoblast.
What does CBC stand for and what does it tell you?
CBC stands for complete blood count. It tells you many white blood cells, RBC, and platelets are in the blood sample.
What is a differential?
This tells you the percentage of each type of cell in a blood sample.
Histologically, what does bone marrow look like?
It has a lot of fat, sinusoids like in the spleen, and it differentiates into cords of hematopoietic cells.
What is the significance of the bi-concave shape of the erythrocyte?
The indentation/concavity allows for greater surface area. This means a maximum of O2 transfusion across the membrane.
What disease arises from the point (substitution) mutation, in which Glutamic Acid is replaced with Valine, in hemoglobin?
Sickle Cell Disease.
What is Polycythemia?
When someone has too many RBC.
What is Anemia?
When someone has either too few RBC or enough RBC but not enough Hb inside of them.
What is a reticulocyte?
A reticulocyte is a cell in the devlopment of a erythrocyte. Once the orthochromatophilic cell has ejected its nucleus, it is a 3 day transitional state of the RBC, before it becomes a fully mature erythrocyte.
What does a high number of reticulocytes in the blood indicate?
When there is an increased demand for periphery RBC, the bone marrow has pressure to put out RBC that are not fully mature, in the form of reticulocytes.
Presence of which type of polymorphonuclear cell would indicate a parasitic infection, an allergic reaction, or asthma?
Eosinophil.
Which granulocyte has granules rich in histamine?
Basophils.
Which immature cell undergoes endomitosis and what is the end result?
Megakaryoblasts undergo endomitosis and then explodes making platelets.
