Digestive Tract Glands Flashcards
What is the Merocrine secretory mechanism?
Most common - Exocytosis of secretory vacuoles. No loss of cellular components. Ex) parotid, pancreas, sweat glands.
What is the Apocrine secretory mechanism?
Cells are pinched off from membrane. Some cytoplasm is lost. Ex) mammary, prostate, eye lid
What is the Holocrine secretory mechanism?
The cell disintegrates and everything in it become gland secretion –> eventual apoptosis. Ex) sebaceous gland of skin
What are the 3 major salivary glands? Describe each.
1) Parotid - largest, under ear, opens inside cheek near parotid papilla
2) Submandibular - under mandible, makes 70% saliva, opens under tongue
3) Sublingual - pair, smallest, under tongue
What are the 3 types of secretory acini?
1) Serous
2) Mucous
3) Mixed - serous demilune
What are the exocrine glands of the digestive system?
Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
What are the 3 functions of saliva?
Lubrication, digestion, immunity, mineralization.
Intralobular ducts are also known as what?
Secretory duct
Interlobular ducts are also known as what?
Excretory duct
What type of acini make up the parotid gland? And what does this gland secrete and by which cell?
Serous acini; IgA part of saliva made by plasma cells
What type of acini make up the submandibular gland?
Mixed - serous demilunes
What type of acini make up the sublingual gland?
Mixed but mostly mucous; serous demilunes
What are the salivary gland diseases?
Obstructive, infectious, immunological, tumors (parotid most affected)
Out of 100%, what type of gland is the pancreas?
98% exocrine and 2% endocrine
The digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions - or pancreatic juice - are made from which part of the pancreatic gland?
Exocrine or serous gland.
What does the endocrine portion of the pancreatic gland produce?
Islets of Langerhans = Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin.
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Type 1 is often in children and they have an autoimmune disease that attacks their Beta cells that produce insulin. Type 2 occurs in adults usually and they are insulin resistant so they make insulin but the body cannot use it.
How does the dual blood supply of the liver work?
70%: Portal vein has blood that has gone through GI organs. It is lover in O2, has waste/toxins, etc, but has lots of nutrients.
20%: Hepatic artery is coming aorta and is rich in O2.
The blood from both mix int he sinusoids, exchange materials with liver, and drain out –> hepatic vein –> IVC
What doe the liver do?
Exocrine gland makes lots of bile. Makes plasma proteins (blood-clotting, albumins, glyco-, lipo-), stor and convert vitamins, metabolic activities, detoxify drugs, endocrine like function in modifying hormones
What is bile made of?
Water, electrolytes, bile salts cholesterol and phospholipids
What is parenchyma?
Hepatocyte plates. Seperated by sinusoids
What are the spaces of Disse?
Perisinusoidal spaces. Sites of material exchange. Hepatocytes have microvilli for increase in SA. Hepatic stellate cells = Ito cells for vit A storage.
