Digestive Tract Glands Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Merocrine secretory mechanism?

A

Most common - Exocytosis of secretory vacuoles. No loss of cellular components. Ex) parotid, pancreas, sweat glands.

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2
Q

What is the Apocrine secretory mechanism?

A

Cells are pinched off from membrane. Some cytoplasm is lost. Ex) mammary, prostate, eye lid

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3
Q

What is the Holocrine secretory mechanism?

A

The cell disintegrates and everything in it become gland secretion –> eventual apoptosis. Ex) sebaceous gland of skin

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4
Q

What are the 3 major salivary glands? Describe each.

A

1) Parotid - largest, under ear, opens inside cheek near parotid papilla
2) Submandibular - under mandible, makes 70% saliva, opens under tongue
3) Sublingual - pair, smallest, under tongue

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of secretory acini?

A

1) Serous
2) Mucous
3) Mixed - serous demilune

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6
Q

What are the exocrine glands of the digestive system?

A

Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

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7
Q

What are the 3 functions of saliva?

A

Lubrication, digestion, immunity, mineralization.

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8
Q

Intralobular ducts are also known as what?

A

Secretory duct

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9
Q

Interlobular ducts are also known as what?

A

Excretory duct

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10
Q

What type of acini make up the parotid gland? And what does this gland secrete and by which cell?

A

Serous acini; IgA part of saliva made by plasma cells

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11
Q

What type of acini make up the submandibular gland?

A

Mixed - serous demilunes

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12
Q

What type of acini make up the sublingual gland?

A

Mixed but mostly mucous; serous demilunes

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13
Q

What are the salivary gland diseases?

A

Obstructive, infectious, immunological, tumors (parotid most affected)

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14
Q

Out of 100%, what type of gland is the pancreas?

A

98% exocrine and 2% endocrine

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15
Q

The digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions - or pancreatic juice - are made from which part of the pancreatic gland?

A

Exocrine or serous gland.

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16
Q

What does the endocrine portion of the pancreatic gland produce?

A

Islets of Langerhans = Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin.

17
Q

What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

A

Type 1 is often in children and they have an autoimmune disease that attacks their Beta cells that produce insulin. Type 2 occurs in adults usually and they are insulin resistant so they make insulin but the body cannot use it.

18
Q

How does the dual blood supply of the liver work?

A

70%: Portal vein has blood that has gone through GI organs. It is lover in O2, has waste/toxins, etc, but has lots of nutrients.
20%: Hepatic artery is coming aorta and is rich in O2.
The blood from both mix int he sinusoids, exchange materials with liver, and drain out –> hepatic vein –> IVC

19
Q

What doe the liver do?

A

Exocrine gland makes lots of bile. Makes plasma proteins (blood-clotting, albumins, glyco-, lipo-), stor and convert vitamins, metabolic activities, detoxify drugs, endocrine like function in modifying hormones

20
Q

What is bile made of?

A

Water, electrolytes, bile salts cholesterol and phospholipids

21
Q

What is parenchyma?

A

Hepatocyte plates. Seperated by sinusoids

22
Q

What are the spaces of Disse?

A

Perisinusoidal spaces. Sites of material exchange. Hepatocytes have microvilli for increase in SA. Hepatic stellate cells = Ito cells for vit A storage.