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Patho Block 2 > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Hematopoietic tissues

A

Fetus- yolk sac, spleen, liver, some bone marrow.

After Birth- Red Bone marrow (myeloid tissue)

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2
Q

Hematopoietic tissues

A

Fetus- yolk sac, spleen, liver, some bone marrow.

After Birth- Red Bone marrow (myeloid tissue)

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3
Q

RBC blood concentration

A

41-53% Males, 36-46% Female

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4
Q

WBC and platelets blood concentration

A

1% of blood volume

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5
Q

Plasma blood volume

A

49-64% of blood volume

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6
Q

Erythrocytes

A

biconcave disks (creates large surface area for transport), anucleate, lack many organelles, flexible, 7.5 microns diameter

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7
Q

Macrocytes

A

> 9 micron diameter, occur with folic acid deficiency (folic acid is needed for cell division)

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8
Q

Microcytes

A
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9
Q

Reticulocyte

A

immature RBCs, 1-2% of RBCs, have residual ribosomal RNA (stains blue)

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10
Q

RBC life span

A

live about 120 days then are phagocytized in liver and spleen

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11
Q

Band neutrophils

A

2-5% of neutrophils are band neutrophils, immature granulocytes, which when elevated in the blood can indicate infection. Bands are in the development stage following a metamyelocyte and have a
curved, elongated nucleus.

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12
Q

RBC blood concentration

A

41-53% Males, 36-46% Female

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13
Q

Colony forming cell

A

“Colony forming Unit”- a unit that is used to estimate the number of viable cells in a sample.

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14
Q

Macrocytes

A

> 9 micron diameter, occur with folic acid deficiency (folic acid is needed for cell division)

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15
Q

Microcytes

A
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16
Q

Reticulocyte

A

immature RBCs, 1-2% of RBCs, have residual ribosomal RNA (stains blue)

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17
Q

RBC life span

A

live about 120 days then are phagocytized in liver and spleen

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18
Q

Band neutrophils

A

2-5% of neutrophils are band neutrophils, immature granulocytes, which when elevated in the blood can indicate infection. Bands are in the development stage following a metamyelocyte and have a
curved, elongated nucleus.

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19
Q

Pleuripotential stem cells, “True stem cells”

A

potential to differentiate to almost any cell type in the body
capable of self renewal, low mitotic activity.
Few stem cells in Bone Marrow and fewer in blood.
High potentiality and self renewal capacity.
Not susceptible to growth factors.

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20
Q

Multipotential stem cells

A

Have the ability to differentiate into many cell types, but are more limited than pluripotential.

21
Q

Progenitor cells

A 
Able to differentiate into a specific cell type, but is pushed to differentiate into its "target" cell.  Mono or bipotential. 
High mitotic activity. 
Self renewing. 
Common in marrow or lymphoid organs.
Influenced by growth factors.
22
Q

Precursor cell

A

Have the ability to differentiate into one cell type, mono- potential, begin to look morphologically different
High mitotic activity
not self renewing
affected by growth factors.

23
Q

Colony forming cell

A

“Colony forming Unit”- a unit that is used to estimate the number of viable cells in a sample.

24
Q

Plasma proteins

A

Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin

25
Q

Serum

A

plasma from which the blood cells & fibrinogen has been separated in the process of clotting. “straw-colored”; contains factors released by platelets, but does not include clotting factors, platelets, or cells

26
Q

Plasma

A

liquid extracellular component, ~55% of blood volume. 90% water, 7% protein, 0.9% inorganic ions

27
Q

Erythropoiesis

A
  1. Decrease cell size
  2. Increase condensed chromatin
  3. Decrease nuclear size, nucleus extruded
  4. Decrease mRNA, Increase hemoglobin
28
Q

Granulopoiesis

A
  1. Decrease cell size
  2. Increase condensed chromatin
  3. Nucleus shape changes
  4. Granules form
29
Q

Erythropoietin

A
  1. O2 decreases in blood
  2. Kidneys increase EPO
  3. EPO increases erythropoiesis
30
Q

Immunocompetent cell

A

cell able to mount an immune response

31
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Activation of B lymphocytes (Synthesize antibodies)

32
Q

Cellular immunity

A

Involves phagocytes, cytokines, and t-cells (NOT ANTIBODIES)

33
Q

Memory cells

A

Activated B lymphocytes that respond more rapidly and efficiently to additional encounters with identical or related antigenic substances

34
Q

Antigen-presenting cell

A

cell that displays foreign substance on it’s surface. Dendritic cell, B cell and macrophages

35
Q

Central and peripheral lymphoid organs

A

Central (aka primary) are bone marrow and thymus. Peripheral (aka secondary)- lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, peyer’s patches, MALT

36
Q

Waldeyer’s ring

A

pharyngeal, palatine, lingual tonsils = form circle at entrance of gut and airway

37
Q

Peyer’s patches

A

secondary lymph organ, located in small intestine

38
Q

Immunoglobulin (Ig) antibody

A

large Y shaped protein produced by plasma cells that is used by immune system to ID and neutralize pathogens

39
Q

Innate (natural) immunity

A

Present from birth, nonspecific in it’s activity(skin epithelial surfaces are first defense of this immunity)

40
Q

Adaptive (acquired, learned) immunity

A

Aquired through contact with specific pathogens during our lifetime. Protects againt re-infection

41
Q

Primary lymphoid tissue

A

Where lymphocytes are formed and matured

42
Q

Secondary lymphoid tissue

A

Where adaptive immune responses are initiated, filter lymph in the periphery

43
Q

Tonsils

A

3 tonsils. Partially encapsulated with connective tissue, Made of lymphoid tissue. Form a circle at entrance of gut and airway and if full of lymphocytes to detect what is coming into the body.

44
Q

Spleen

A

Filters blood to remove damaged cells. Activates immune response to microbes in blood.

45
Q

Lymphoid follicles

A

Organized for activation of B cells. Mostly B cells, some helper T cells and follicular dendritic cells (to help with activation of second response)

46
Q

Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)

A 
Diffuse lymphoid tissue with scattered T and B lymphocytes. Monitor periphery: 
Gut Associated (GALT)
Bronchi Associated (BALT)
Conjuctiva Associated (CALT)
47
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils

A

roof of pharynx, respiratory, no crypts, 1st defense in ingested/inhaled pathogen

48
Q

Palatine tonsils

A

sides of oropharynx, non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium w/ crypts, immunity

49
Q

Lingual tonsils

A

behind tongue, non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium w/ crypts, immunity

Patho Block 2 (6 decks)

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