Acid Base Flashcards

1
Q

What regulates pH?

A
  1. Buffer system
  2. Respiratory center in brain stem
  3. Liver oxidation of strong acids
  4. Renal mechanisms
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2
Q

Three buffer systems

A

Phosphate, protein, bicarbonate

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3
Q

Respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis

A

Increase respiration, breathe off CO2, [H] is reduced

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4
Q

Respiratory compensation for metabolic alkylosis

A

Decrease respiration, conserve CO2, [H] is increased

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5
Q

Arterial blood gas (ABG)

A

Measures pH and pCO2, calculates HCO3

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6
Q

BMP

A

Measures HCO3

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7
Q

Pulmonary embolus

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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8
Q

Hypotension/decreased perfusion

A

Metabolic acidosis

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9
Q

Vomiting

A

Metabolic acidosis

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10
Q

Severe Diarrhea

A

Metabolic acidosis (non-gap)

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11
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Respiratory alkalosis (progesterone -> hyperventilation)

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12
Q

Renal failure

A

Metabolic acidosis

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13
Q

Sepsis

A

Respiratory alkalosis / Metabolic acidosis

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14
Q

Pregnancy

A

Metabolic alkalosis (progesterone -> hyperventilation)

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15
Q

Diuretic use

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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16
Q

COPD

A

Respiratory acidosis

17
Q

How to approach acid-base disorders

A
  1. Clinical situation? Anticipate disorder!
  2. Acidemic (7.4)?
  3. Metabolic or respiratory? Direction of pCO2 and HCO3-?
  4. In metabolic acidosis: gap or non-gap?
  5. Is compensation appropriate? Use formulas
  6. Is there more than one disorder? Formulas and delta delta