Acid Base Flashcards

Question 1

Q

What regulates pH?

Answer

A

Buffer system
Respiratory center in brain stem
Liver oxidation of strong acids
Renal mechanisms

Question 2

Q

Three buffer systems

Answer

A

Phosphate, protein, bicarbonate

Question 3

Q

Respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis

Answer

A

Increase respiration, breathe off CO2, [H] is reduced

Question 4

Q

Respiratory compensation for metabolic alkylosis

Answer

A

Decrease respiration, conserve CO2, [H] is increased

Question 5

Q

Arterial blood gas (ABG)

Answer

A

Measures pH and pCO2, calculates HCO3

Question 6

Q

BMP

Answer

A

Measures HCO3

Question 7

Q

Pulmonary embolus

Answer

A

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 8

Q

Hypotension/decreased perfusion

Answer

A

Metabolic acidosis

Question 9

Q

Vomiting

Answer

A

Metabolic acidosis

Question 10

Q

Severe Diarrhea

Answer

A

Metabolic acidosis (non-gap)

Question 11

Q

Cirrhosis

Answer

A

Respiratory alkalosis (progesterone -> hyperventilation)

Question 12

Q

Renal failure

Answer

A

Metabolic acidosis

Question 13

Q

Sepsis

Answer

A

Respiratory alkalosis / Metabolic acidosis

Question 14

Q

Pregnancy

Answer

A

Metabolic alkalosis (progesterone -> hyperventilation)

Question 15

Q

Diuretic use

Answer

A

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 16

Q

COPD

Answer

A

Respiratory acidosis

Question 17

Q

How to approach acid-base disorders

Answer

A

Clinical situation? Anticipate disorder!
Acidemic (7.4)?
Metabolic or respiratory? Direction of pCO2 and HCO3-?
In metabolic acidosis: gap or non-gap?
Is compensation appropriate? Use formulas
Is there more than one disorder? Formulas and delta delta