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Biochem Exam 3 > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What special needs do RBCs have?

A

Need glucose for energy

need NADPH for glutathione reduction

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2
Q

Function of 2,3BPG

A

Modulation of O2-Hb binding

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3
Q

Microcytic anemia from

A
  1. Low Fe
  2. Lead poisioning
  3. thalassemia
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4
Q

Macrocytic anemia from

A

B12 or B9 deficiency (Reduced DNA synthesis)

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5
Q

Normocytic anemia from

A

Low RBC count.

Bleeding, sickle cell, Pyruvate Kinase deficiency, G6PDH deficiency

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6
Q

GP1b binds to…

A

vWF

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7
Q

GP1a binds to…

A

subendothelial collagen

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8
Q

Three stages of platelet activation

A

Adhesion

Aggregation

Activation

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9
Q

Aggretation of platelets mediated by what?

A

GP2b/3a complex, which binds other platelets through fibrin

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10
Q

Platelet activation involves what process?

A

Release of hemostasis chemicals (ADP, Serotonin, TXA2, and vWF) from intracellular granules

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11
Q

How does TXA2 work?

A

Activates GPCR

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12
Q

Prostacyclin function

A

Vasodilation and inhibitor of aggregation

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13
Q

Bernard Soulier syndrome

A

Deficiency of **GP1b -IX **

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14
Q

What are the congenital bleeding disorders listed in lecture?

A

Bernard-Soulier

Fibrinogen deficiency

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15
Q

What is an acquired coag. disorder

A

Thyombocytopenia

This can happen either by decreased formation of platelets or increased destruction (mediated by antibodies)

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16
Q

Plavix. What does it do

A

Decreases ADP binding to the ADP receptor, which decreases the activation of the GP2b/3a complex.

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17
Q

How does Dipyrimadole work?

A

inhibits Adenosine uptake, Inhibits PDE-3

This increases the plasma Adenosine concentration = which stimulates the A2 receptor = lowers GP2b/3a

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18
Q

Factor 2a is…

A

thrombin

19
Q

factor 1 is

A

fibrinogen

20
Q

factor 13 is

A

transglutaminase

21
Q

Fibrin structure

A

2 tripeptides (abg subunits)

connected via disulfide bridges

22
Q

Prothrombinase complex is made of…

A

factor 10a and factor 5

23
Q

Function of thrombin

A

Activation of 5, 7, 8, 13

24
Q

Factor that is the key to starting the intrinsic pathway

A

factor 8

25
Q

What does hirudin do?

A

inhibits factor 8

26
Q

Vitamin K function

A

important for prothrombin (and other factors)

forms gamma-carboxyglutamate residues within GLA domains of the factors

27
Q

What does dicoumarol do?

A

functions as a vitamin K antagonist. Precursors can’t bind to calcium and can’t promote coagulation

28
Q

What factors need vitamin K?

A

2, 7, 9, 10, and Protein C

29
Q

Intrinsic initiation

A

factor 12a binds to (-) charges and prekallekrein

Happens when subendothelial collagen exposure occurs

30
Q

Extrinsic pathway initiation

A

Due to injury – Stimulated by Factor 3 (“Tissue factor”)

31
Q

what do you add for aPTT test?

What are you testing for?

A

Phospholipid and Silica

This tests for 8,9,11,12 deficiencies (Hemophilia A or for Monitoring Heparin)

32
Q

What do you add for PTT test? What are you testing for?

A

Add factor 3

This test is specific for factor 7, 10 & 2

Used for monitoring Warfarin, or testing Acquired disorders (Vit. K deficiency, liver disease, liver damage after Tylenol overdose

33
Q

Heparin binds to what? What does this do?

A

Binds to Antithrombin 3

This increases affinity for thrombin, which REDUCES clotting

34
Q

Thrombin binds to what? What does this then do?

A

Thrombomodulin

This activates protein C

35
Q

How does Protein C work? What does it do?

A

It works with Protein S to degrade 5a+8a complex

This lowers the production of thrombin (and lowers coagulation)

36
Q

What makes Factor 5 Leiden special?

A

It is resistant to Protein C (so coagulation is increased)

37
Q

Fibrinolysis is mediated by

A

Plasmin

38
Q

Describe fibrinolysis

A
  1. Plasminogen binds to fibrin
  2. It is converted to its active form by tPA from endothelial cells (kringle domains)
  3. Plasmin dissolves clot.
39
Q

What are PAI-1 and PAI-2

A

Inhibitors of plasminogen. They block the function of tPA

40
Q

Hemophilia A Tx?

A

Human plasma or recombinant factor 8

41
Q

vWF disease?

A

defective platelet adhesion, so it cant bind to subendothelial collagen

More common that hemophilia A.

42
Q

Effects of Antithrombin deficiency

A

DVT and PE

43
Q

PKD biochemical effects

A

Low ATP = Reduced cation gradient, Low vitamin K, Low H20

Increased hemolytic anemia

44
Q

Why is hemolytic anemia due to PKD less severe? What is the treatment?

A

Increased 2,3 BPG (from increased 1,3 BPG) results in increase of oxygen release to tissues

Treatment is transfusions and splenectomy

Biochem Exam 3 (10 decks)

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