Ethanol Flashcards
Where is Alcohol DH
In Cytoplasm (as dimer)
Where is Aldehyde DH
In Mitochondria
Acetate is converted to ____ by what enzyme?
Acetyl-Coa
By Acetyl CoA Synthetase
How many ATP per EtOH? Where do they come from?
13 ATP!
5 ATP from the 2 NADH
10 ATP from Acetyl-CoA metabolism
-2 ATP from the Acetate–> Acetyl Coa reaction
MEOS…what is it?
Microsomal Ethanol Oxidation System
What is the chief enzyme for the MEOS? When is it more active?
CYP-2E1 metabolizes ethanol, increases activity when ethanol is consumed
What other significant drug does CYP2E1 act on?
Acetaminophen. it forms a toxic intermediate (NAPQI)
Aldehyde DH forms
Wild type & Variant
Variant is low activity, higher in Asian pop., Autosomal dominiant, and increases the risk for esophageal cancer
What happens to the NADH:NAD ratio when alcohol is consumed? What (4) effects does this have?
Increases (High NADH),
- Inhibits the Dehydrogenase enzymes of the TCA cycle
- Pushes pyruvate toward Lactate in the LDH reaction.
- Prevents the formation of OAA from Malate (reducing precursors for GNG)
- Lowers FA oxidation (diverts to TAG formation)
Acetaldehyde can bind to what 2 things? What effect does this have?
Cysteine and Glutathione, reducing free radical protection
Werkine-Korsikoff Sx
Nystagmus, Ataxia, confusion, Circulatory Symptoms
What is Disulfiram?
What does it do?
What is it used for?
- Irreversible inhibitor of Aldehyde dehydrogenase
- Creates complexes with metals
- Results in acute alcohol toxicity, used to aid cessation in alcohol addiction
Delerium Tremens mechanism? Tx?
The removal of GABAr activity results in release of inhibition of CNS –> Glutamate, DA, NE all INCREASE
Tx = Benzo’s (act on “Benzo-GABA-Chloride” receptor complex)
