Hematomas and Hemorrhages!! Flashcards
Where is extradural or epidural hematoma located?
between the skull and the dura
Where is a subdural hematoma located?
between the dura and the arachnoid
Where is the sub arachnoid hematoma located??
Between the arachnoid and PIA
Where is the intracereberal hematoma located?
directly into the brain tissues
Where is the tear usually located during an epidural hematoma?
in the middle meningeal artery in the temporal region
S/S of a epidural hematoma:
head trauma w LOC
lucid interval then signs of increased ICP within mins-hrs
rapid DEATH!!!!!
Where is a subdural hematoma located?
between the dura and the arachnoid!!
What kind of bleed is a subdural hematoma? How fast does it accumulate?
VENOUS bleed- slowly accumulates
What is more common- Epidural or subdural hematomas??
SUBDURAL hematomas
Who is most at risk for epidural hematomas?
alcoholics and the elderly on blood thinners because brain atrophy allows more space for a hematoma to develop!!!
SUB- prefix means _____ to the brain?
closer!!
SUB- prefix means _____ to the brain?
closer!!
EPI- prefix means _____ to the SKULL?
CLOSER!!
What are symptoms of a subdural hematoma?
headaches, changes in LOC, slurred speech
Where does subarachnoid hemorrhage occur?
between the arachnoid and the pia
What is subarachnoid hemorrhage commonly associated with??
traumatic bleeding from the blood vessels at the base of the brain - aneurysms
What is the hallmark statement of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
“THIS IS THE WORST HEADACHE OF MY ENTIRE LIFE”
sudden onset of severe painful headache
What is intracerebral hemorrhage?
bleeding in the brain tissue
- frontal and temporal lobes are most common
blunt or penetrating trauma
S/S of intraceberal hemorrhage?
dependent on the area of the brain injury and the extent of the injury!!!
- alterations in LOC
- similar patterns to CVA’s
- high mortality rate
What do all hematomas lead to?
an increasing ICP as the bleeding puts pressure on the tissues
What are s/s of neurogenic shock?
bradycardia
skin is warm and dry NOT cool/clammy
no significant blood loss
paralysis and loss of spinal reflexes
What are the s/s of hypovolemic shock?
tachycardia
skin is cool pale and clammy
evident blood loss not associated with paralysis
What are significant s/s of basal skull #’s??
bilateral periorbital ecchymosis (racoon eyes)
otorhhea (CSF from ears)
rhinorrhea (CSF from nose)
mastoid brusing
What is the normal pupil reaction to light?
constriction!!
What does deviation in size of pupils indicate??
CNS involvement or hypoxia
What does deviation in position of pupils indicate?
cranial nerve involvement
Same pupil on injured size results in blown pupil true or false?
TRUE
FIXED dilated pupils indicate…..
cerebral anoxia or brainstem involvement
