Degenerative Neurological Diseases!!

Question 1

What is musuclar dystrophy?

Answer 1

• slow progressive degeneration of the
• muscle fibers waste muscle is replaced by fat
  *12 years – few walk, few survive
  *Death usually from pulmonary infections and heart failure
  *No cure for this disease

Question 2

What is multiple sclerosis-MS?

Answer 2

*Progressive disease of the CNS
*Patches of Myelin in the brain and spinal cord are destroyed
–This causes issues in nerve conduction and message impulse
*Autoimmune disease → body destroys foreign materials → including myelin
*Scarring and nerve fiber damage

Question 3

What is dystonia?

Answer 3

local or diffuse alterations in muscle tone-from damage to neuron transmission

Question 4

S/S of dystonia:

Answer 4

painful muscle spasm, unusual positions, strange movement patterns

Question 5

What is parkinson’s disease?

Answer 5

*Degeneration or damage to nerve cells in the basal ganglia (voluntary motor movements) of the brain
*Lack of dopamine – effects the nerve pathways that control muscle contraction

Question 6

What are s/s of parkinson’s??

Answer 6

tense muscles, tremors, joint rigidity, slow movement

Question 7

What is central pain syndrome?

Answer 7

Damage or malfunction in the CNS- sensitization of the pain system

Question 8

What is bell’s palsy?

Answer 8

*Paralysis/weakness of the facial muscles on one side of the face
*Due to inflammation of the VII CN (facial)
–Viral often
*Usually one sided and temporary
*Eyelid and mouth droop
*Numbness and pain
*Taste impaired, sounds louder

Question 9

What is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? (ALS)

Answer 9

-nerves that control muscular activity degenerate in the brain and spinal cord

-weakness in the hands and arms

-involuntary quivering

-progresses to all four limbs, respiration, swallowing

• death in 2-4 years, aspiration, pneumonia, starvation

Question 10

What is the Peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 10

damage to any peripheral nerves!
- slows or blocks the nerve impulse

damage to the ANS (autonomic nervous system)
- blurred vision, impaired or absent sweating, changes in BP, GI disorders

Question 11

What are causes of peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 11

Diabetes
Dietary deficiencies
Alcoholism
Drug intoxication
Malignant tumors

Question 12

What is myoclonus?

Answer 12

Rapid and uncontrollable muscle contractions or spasms that occur at rest or during movement

*A symptom, not a disease

*May be a symptom of brain disorder or seizure disorder

Question 13

What is spina bifida?

Answer 13

congetical defect
- part of the vertebra fails to develop

portion of the spinal cord exposed

Question 14

What are the types of spina bifida?

Answer 14

occulta
meinoceal
myelocele
encephalocele

Question 15

What is occulta spina bifida?

Answer 15

cord intact, covered with sac of skin

Question 16

What is meninoceal spina bifida?

Answer 16

no functional problem but requires surgery

Question 17

What is myelocele spina bifida?

Answer 17

severe handicap
malformation
raw swelling
may not be contained

Question 18

What is encephalocele spina bifida?

Answer 18

protrusion through the skull, brain damage

Question 19

What are the different causes for polio?

Answer 19

variable ranges of severity
- unapparent infection
- febrile illness w/o neurological effects
- aseptic meningitis
- paralytic disease (resp paralysis)

Question 20

What are the s/s of polio?

Answer 20

fever
headache
sore throat
malaise
eventually paraylzied

Question 21

What neuro disease can lead to becoming paralyzed?

Answer 21

POLIO
- pain muscle involvement,
- brain stem leading to inability to swallow or breath