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Hematology > Hematology Week 1: Intro > Flashcards

Hematology Week 1: Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Cells produced in the Bone marrow

11 listed

A
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2
Q

Do lymphocyte numbers reflect ongoing bone marrow activity?

A

No, Lymphocytes are long-lived cells and recirculate in the blood and therefore, lymphocyte numbers do not reflect ongoing bone marrow activity

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3
Q

hematopoiesis in fetuses, children and adults

A
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4
Q

Typical site for a bone marrow biopsy?

A

Posterior iliac crest

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5
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell division

A
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6
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell division daughter cells

A
  • Daughter cells are not identical
  • 1 daughter cell is capable of maturation the other remains a Hematopoietic Stem Cell
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7
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell division results in?

A

1 multipotent progenitor cell

which can become a myeloid progenitor cell or a common lymphoid progenitor cell

which then divides to become progeny cells which have the same genetic composition as the progenitor cells

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8
Q

hematopoiesis lineages are controlled by?

A

Stimulatory factors such as cytokines

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9
Q

Lymphoid Stem Cell ->

A

Lymphoblast

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10
Q

Lymphoblast ->

3 possible

A
  • B Lymphocyte
  • T Lymphocyte
  • Natural Killer Cells
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11
Q

Myeloid Stem Cell ->

3 possible

A

Myeloblast

RBC

Platelets

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12
Q

Myeloblast ->

4 possible

A

Granulocytes

Eosinophils

Neutrophils

Basophils

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13
Q

Bone marrow is produced from?

A

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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14
Q

Bone Marrow microenvironment consists of

A
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15
Q

Neutrophil maturation

A
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16
Q

stain used to detect granulocytic cells

A

Myeloperoxidase cytochemical stain (MPO)

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17
Q

Neutrophil cell types commonly found in the bone marrow

A
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18
Q

Neutrophil cell types commonly found in the blood

A
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19
Q

Where are immature cells in the bone marrow?

A
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20
Q

Where are neutrophils stored?

A
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21
Q

A release of Neutrophil storage compartment

A

and get a left shift to immaturity

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22
Q

GCSF causes

A

causes left shift to immaturity dumping immature cells into the blood

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23
Q

Left shift to immaturity

A
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24
Q

Causes of granulocyte reserve release

A
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25
Q

Granulopoiesis progenitor

A

myeloblast

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26
Q

Granulopoiesis key cytokine

A

G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor)

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27
Q

G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor) is produced by?

A

several cell types

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28
Q

G-CSF AKA

A

Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor

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29
Q

Granulopoiesis cycle time

A

10-14 days from myeloblast to neutrophil

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30
Q

Granulopoiesis ANC value indicates

A

Reflects adequacy of granulopoiesis

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31
Q

ANC AKA

A

Absolute Neutrophil Count

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32
Q

Neutrophil Lifespan in Blood

A

3-5 hours

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33
Q

Erythropoiesis progenitor

A

erythroblast

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34
Q

Erythroid colonies surrounding macrophage

A

Macrophages store iron

macrophages might give iron to RBCs

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35
Q

iron deficiencies result in a deficiency in these cell lines

A

Just RBCs

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36
Q

iron is bound to

A

transferrin

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37
Q

iron is stored as?

A

hemosiderin

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38
Q

in order for a normoblast to become a reticulocyte they must?

A

Eject their nucleus

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39
Q

Ejected nucleus fate?

A

Macrophage ingest ejected nuclei

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40
Q

Erythropoiesis progenitor

A

Erythroblast

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41
Q

Erythropoiesis Key Cytokine

A

EPO (Erythropoietin)

42
Q

EPO AKA

A

Erythropoietin

43
Q

EPO is produced in?

A

hypoxia sensing cells in the KIDNEY

44
Q

Erythropoiesis Cycle time

45
Q

Retic Count

A

Measure of RBC production rate

46
Q

Erythrocyte lifespan

47
Q

Erythropoiesis Overview

48
Q

Polychromasia

A
  • a difference in RBC color due to reticulocytes
  • often seen as a result of increased RBC production in response to anemia
49
Q

Largest cells in the Bone Marrow?

A

Megakaryocytes

50
Q

Endomitosis

A

DNA replication without division

51
Q

Megakaryocytes Function

A

produce platelets by projecting part of its cytoplasm into a peripheral sinus by shagging off a portion of cytoplasm

52
Q

Megakaryopoiesis Progenitor

A

Megakaryoblast

53
Q

Megakaryopoiesis Key Cytokine

A

Thrombopoietin

54
Q

Megakaryopoiesis cycle time

A

Not defined

55
Q

TPO AKA

A

Thrombopoietin

56
Q

thrombopoietin is produced by?

A

Hepatocytes

57
Q

Plt count and MPV

A

a measure of platelet production and also new methods to assess immature platelets

58
Q

Megakaryopoiesis Lifespan

A

10-12 days

59
Q

Megakaryopoiesis Overview

60
Q

Platelet regulation

A

TPO binds to platelets when there are reduced platelets, more TPO binds to megakaryoblasts to produce more platelets

61
Q

New Born peripheral Blood smear

A

All completely normal in newborn

  • left shift to immaturity (immature myeloid)
  • nucleated reds NRBC
  • Polychromasia
  • Red cell count Hb and Hct are higher than normal compared to the rest of life
  • Elevated WBC
62
Q

EPO levels in newborn

63
Q

In Utero environment is _________ than the external environment

A

more hypoxic than the external environment

64
Q

being born is a?

A

Very stressful event to mom and baby

65
Q

3 year old PBS

A
  • More lymphocytes than neutrophils which is normal
    *
66
Q

Normal Adult PBS

A
  • Neutrophils predominate
  • RBCs most numerous
  • occasional eosinophil
  • monocytes in blood
67
Q

Normal ranges of CBCs are established how and considerations?

68
Q

Identify cell types

69
Q

Normal Diff values

70
Q

Peripheral blood value percent and absolute count consideration

A
  • 90% lymphocytes but with only 2700 then the problem is lack of neutrophils not lymphocytic leukemia
  • ANC is only 300 which is a big problem
71
Q

how percentages can be misleading

72
Q

Neutrophil function

A

phagocytosis and killing of bacteria

73
Q

Neutrophil *1 granules

A

myeloperoxidase and other enzymes

74
Q

Neutrophil *2 granules

A

many proteases

75
Q

Monocytes and macrophages function

A

Phagocytosis of

  • organisms
  • foreign material
  • ejected nuclei
  • senescent cells
76
Q

Eosinophil function

A

Mediate Allergic responses

Attack invading parasites

77
Q

Eosinophil Major Action

A

Granule Release (Major Basic Protein)

78
Q

Eosinophil blood count

79
Q

Eosinophil Tissue

A

Migrate to tissue attracted by eotaxin chemokine

80
Q

Chemokine that attracts eosinophils

81
Q

Eosinophils granule contents

A

Major basic protein

82
Q

Identify

A

Eosinophils

83
Q

Basophil Function

A

Initiate immediate hypersensitivity reactions

84
Q

Basophil Major action

A

Granule release (histamine)

85
Q

Basophil granule contents

86
Q

Basophil Blood count

A

Least frequent WBC

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87
Q

Lymphocytes

A

have revved up lymphocytes that have a lot of cytoplasm and are active

88
Q

Infectious Mononucleosus

A

have revved up lymphocytes that have a lot of cytoplasm and are active

89
Q

CBC Assesment uses what blood?

A

Venous Blood

90
Q

CBC Assesment Techniques

91
Q

Automated cell counting properties

92
Q

Erythrocyte Assessment Variables

93
Q

Anemia

94
Q

Logical Approach to Anemia

95
Q

Platelet Assessment Variables

A

can pick up RBC fragments but will usually raise the average platelet size which will be an indication

96
Q
A

5 mil probably a neoplasm

1 mil can be ok

97
Q

Immune thrombocytopenia

A

present with bleeding

immune attack on platelets

98
Q

Question 1

99
Q

Question 2

A

A reticulocyte count

100
Q

Blood cell and platelet proliferation speed

Hematology (26 decks)

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