Hematology/Oncology Flashcards
What finding on physical exam is a contraindication to aspirin use?
Nasal polyps 2/2 hypersensitivity reactions particularly in those with asthma, resulting in as asthma attack
Acanthocytes and spur cells
Abeta-lipo-proteinemia, 2/2 inability to synthesize apolipoprotein B, component of chylomicrons and VLDL so lipids absorbed by small intestine cannot be transported into blood & accumulate in intestinal epithelium resulting in erythrocyte with spike and foamy cytoplasm.
Echinocytes or burr cells
Hallmark of uremia, pyruvate kinase deficiency, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia or mechanical damage
Rouleaux formation
Stacked RBCs seen in multiple myeloma
Sideroblastic anemia
Iron inclusions in RBCs of the bone marrow
Causes of microcytic anemia with normal or elevated reticulocytes
Thalassemia or hemoglobinopathy (sickle cell disease)
Causes of microcytic anemia with low reticulocyte count
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic anemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Esophageal webs (dysphagia) Iron deficiency anemia Glossitis
Alcoholic with tea and toast diet is expected to have what vitamin deficiency?
Folate deficiency
Most common cause of Vitamin B12 deficiency
Pernicious anemia, 2/2 antiparietal cell antibodies that interfere with secretion of intrinsic factor by parietal cells which bind to B12 and allow for absorption i the ILEUM (B12-IF complex); Commonly p/w Achlorhydia
How to differentiate thalassemia from iron deficiency since both p/w microcytic hypochromic anemia?
Iron levels are normal in thalassemia. Look for elevations in hemoglobin A2 or Hemoglobin F (beta type)
“Crew-cut” on skull XR
Marrow expansion resulting skeletal deformities in beta thalassemia major
Who commonly gets Thalassemia?
Black persons or people of Mediterranean populations (Italian)
Treatment of minor thalassemia?
Usually asymptomatic
Treatment of major thalassemia?
Transfusions and iron chelation therapy to prevent secondary hemochromatosis
