Endocrinology

Question 1

Subacute thyroiditis

Answer 1

Viral infection with tender, painful thyroid gland

Question 2

Amiodarone and thyroid disease?

Answer 2

Class III anti-arrhythmic drug that has as a SE: hypo/hyperthyroidism, in addition to hepatotoxicity, pneumonitis, QT prolongation, blue-gray skin discoloration, corneal micro-deposits

Question 3

Struma ovarri

Answer 3

Ovarian teratoma that secretes thyroid hormone

Question 4

Sick euthyroid syndrome

Answer 4

Any pt w/ any illness may have temporary derangement in thyroid function tests that resemble hypothyroidism; TSH normal to mildly elevated, T4 ranges from normal to mildly decreased

Question 5

Cushing disease

Answer 5

pituitary adenoma that secretes adrenocorticotrophic hormone [ACTH]

Question 6

Tests to diagnose Cushing syndrome:

Answer 6

1) 24-hr free cortisol in urine
2) Dexamethasone suppression test (cortisol levels are not appropriately suppressed several hrs after administration of dexamethasone)

Question 7

Conn syndrome

Answer 7

Hyperaldosteronism

Question 8

Addison disease

Answer 8

Hypoadrenalism

Question 9

Postoperative pt who crashes w/ Hypotension, Shock, Hyperkalemia shortly after surgery and has a history of a disease requiring steroid therapy within the past year, dx? tx?

Answer 9

Adrenal insufficiency, now having an adrenal crisis requiring STRESS DOSE OF STEROIDS.

Question 10

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 10

When PTH has been elevated for too long secondary to long-standing hypocalcemia and continue to be over-secreted when when calcium is normalized with treatment t/f put all patients with renal failure on calcium supplements to prevent this complication.

Question 11

Presentation of hypocalcemia

Answer 11

Tetany or parasthesias (Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign)
Prolonged QT interval on ECG
Dementia, Depression, Psychosis

Question 12

Types of cancer that can cause hypercalcemia

Answer 12

Multiple myeloma

Squamous cell carcinoma of lung (PTH-like hormone secretion)

Question 13

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

Answer 13

Hypercalcemia with low calcium levels in the urine

Question 14

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Answer 14

Genetic end-organ unresponsiveness to PTH with normal PTH levels, shortened metacarpal bones, short stature, mental retardation

Question 15

McCune-Albright syndrome

Answer 15

Ovarian cysts, pseudoprecocious puberty, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone, cafe au lait spots