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Lab Procedures 2 > Hematology Exam 1 > Flashcards

Hematology Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Heme-

A

Iron

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2
Q

Globin-

A

Protein

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3
Q

Hematology

A

the study of blood and blood-forming organs in health and in disease

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4
Q

Hematologist

A

specialist who studies blood, blood forming organs and diseases

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5
Q

hematopoiesis

A

blood production

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6
Q

formed elements

A

cell and cell fragments that can be viewed under a microscope

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7
Q

examples of formed elements

A

RBCs, WBCs and platelets

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8
Q

what are formed elements suspended in?

A

Plasma

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9
Q

what is a CBC & why is it ordered?

A

common routine test ordered to evaluate a persons internal health status.

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10
Q

what tube is blood for hematology tests usually collected in and what does it contain?

A

lavender top tube that contains the anticoagulant EDTA

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11
Q

what tube is blood for coagulation studies usually collected in and what does it contain?

A

blue top tube containing the anticoagulant citrate

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12
Q

coagulation studies can also be known as….

A

prothrombin time or PT

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13
Q

what types of specimens are used for hematology testing…

A

capillary + venipuncture

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14
Q

Plasma

A

elements are suspended in watery liquid that contains hundreds of dissolved biochemical substances

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15
Q

where are blood cells produced?

A

bone marrow

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16
Q

where is bone marrow found?

A

in flat bones at the end of long bones

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17
Q

erythrocytes…

A

red blood cells that carry O2 and have hemoglobin molecule

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18
Q

Reticulocytes….

A

the young RBCs, In the bloodstream, which still contain some nuclear DNA remnants that stain blue

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19
Q

erythroblast…

A

immature red blood cells in the bone marrow

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20
Q

hemoglobin molecules…

A

reddish pigment capable of carrying oxygen

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21
Q

leukocytes…

A

WBCs

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22
Q

what do leukocytes do?

A

defends against infection

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23
Q

what are the 2 categories of leukocytes?

A
  • granulocyte

- nongranulocyte

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24
Q

what are the 3 kinds of mature granulocytes?

A
  • neutrophils
  • basophils
  • eosinophils
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25
Q

myeloblasts….

A

in the bone marrow develop into the 3 kinds of granulocytes

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26
Q

The 3 mature granulocytes are distinguished by the staining of the granules in their ________?

A

cytoplasm

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27
Q

neutrophils def….

A

have small granules that stain lavender/pink

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28
Q

neutrophils are associated with what?

A

bacterial infections

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29
Q

what is the percentage for neutrophils?

A

50-70%

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30
Q

basophils def…

A

have large granules that stain dark blue

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31
Q

basophils are associated with what?

A

assist the inflammatory response

32
Q

what is the percentage for basophils?

A

0-1%

33
Q

eosinophils def…

A

have large granules that stain red

34
Q

eosinophils are associated with what?

A

allergic reactions & parasitic infestations

35
Q

what is the percentage for eosinophils?

A

0-5%

36
Q

polymorphonuclear def….

A

mature neutrophils multisegmented nucleus that appear segemented

37
Q

what are polymorphonuclear also referred to as?

A

segs

38
Q

what is the % for polymorphonuclear segs?

A

50-70%

39
Q

nongranulocytes…

A

may have a few or no granulues in their cytoplasm

40
Q

another word for nongranulocytes…

A

Agranulocytes

41
Q

anemia

A

condition in which the red blood cell count or hemoglobin level is below normal

42
Q

poikilocytosis

A

abnormal shape

43
Q

anisocytosis

A

abnormal size

44
Q

poikilocytosis & anisocytosis only deal with what?

A

RBCs

45
Q

thrombosis

A

formation of clots inside blood vessels; abnormal condition of clotting

46
Q

hemostasis

A

the body’s ability to initiate the clotting process to stop bleeding & prevent a stationary clot

47
Q

what may a patient need to take if they are prone to thrombosis?

A

anticoagulants

48
Q

Heparin

A

is a natural (body) anticoagulant and synthetic anticoagulant

49
Q

differential count

A

scan stained smears to identify the distribution of the 5 types of WBCs/leukocytes on the basis of their staining characteristics, shapes, and sizes

50
Q

another name for polychromatic stain…

A

Wright’s stain

51
Q

what is the largest nongranulocyte?

A

monocyte

52
Q

what is the smallest nongranulocyte?

A

lymphocyte

53
Q

fibrinogen is factor 1 or 2?

A

factor 1

54
Q

fibrinogen def…

A

one of the plasma proteins involved in clotting

55
Q

prothrombin is factor 1 or 2?

A

factor 2

56
Q

prothrombin def…

A

one of 21 plasma proteins involved in clotting

57
Q

macrophages

A

large, engulfing cells capable of eating debris and foreign matter)

58
Q

what is the % associated with bands?

A

0-5%

59
Q

bands def…

A

enter the blood w/ their nuclei in one or two lobes

60
Q

why are blood smears prepared?

A

to get manual differential count

61
Q

what do lymphocytes develop from?

A

lymphoblasts

62
Q

lymphocytes differentiate into what?

A

B&T cells

63
Q

what do lymphocytes do?

A

They move freely among the blood & lymph vessels and tissues as they constantly survey for and respond to foreign invaders

64
Q

what is the % associated with lymphocytes?

A

20-40%

65
Q

where do monocytes originate from?

A

the bone marrow as monoblasts

66
Q

what do monocytes do?

A

numbers increase during the recovery stage of infection and during healing of traumatized tissue when debris needs to be cleared

67
Q

what percentage of the wbc count is the monocytes?

A

3-11%

68
Q

Order of prevalance of the 5 WBCs from highest percentage to lowest

A
  • Segmented neutrophils
  • lymphocytes
  • monocytes
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
69
Q

another name for thrombocytes

A

platelets

70
Q

thrombocytes def…

A

release clotting chemicals that activate the formation of sticky fibrin strands that entangle the blood cells and form a clot

They gather around the site of a damaged blood vessel in and effort to “plug” the leak

71
Q

thrombocytes differentiate from what?

A

a megakaryoblast and then into a megakaryocyte

72
Q

megakaryocyte def…

A

large nuclear cell that releases fragments of its cytoplasm into the bloodstream

73
Q

characteristics of a properly prepared blood smear..

A

Fresh whole blood from a gently mixed lavender-topped EDTA tube

Diff-Safety device is used

Small blood drop is applied to the slide

Feathered edge - Figure 4c(1)

Well-distributed body with margins on each side
Smooth, thick-to-thin spreading of the smear with no ridges or tails

74
Q

procedure for preparing a blood smear for a differential count and viewing

A

First a drop of blood is placed on one end of a slide either with a Diff-Safe device or with a capillary specimen (see Figure 5.10, B-C)

Next, a proper smear must be made by using a clean “pusher” slide that is pulled back into the drop of blood at a 30-45 degree angle

Allow blood to spread along the edge of the slide

Then, with downward pressure, quickly push the “pusher” slide to the other end of the blood drop slide until it is stopped by the fingers

75
Q

“blast” means…

A

in the stem cells

76
Q

RBCs account for almost _______of our blood volume

A

1/2

77
Q

after how many days do red blood cells disinegrate?

A

80-120

Lab Procedures 2 (6 decks)

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