Hematology Exam 1

Question 1

Heme-

Answer 1

Iron

Question 2

Globin-

Answer 2

Protein

Question 3

Hematology

Answer 3

the study of blood and blood-forming organs in health and in disease

Question 4

Hematologist

Answer 4

specialist who studies blood, blood forming organs and diseases

Question 5

hematopoiesis

Answer 5

blood production

Question 6

formed elements

Answer 6

cell and cell fragments that can be viewed under a microscope

Question 7

examples of formed elements

Answer 7

RBCs, WBCs and platelets

Question 8

what are formed elements suspended in?

Answer 8

Plasma

Question 9

what is a CBC & why is it ordered?

Answer 9

common routine test ordered to evaluate a persons internal health status.

Question 10

what tube is blood for hematology tests usually collected in and what does it contain?

Answer 10

lavender top tube that contains the anticoagulant EDTA

Question 11

what tube is blood for coagulation studies usually collected in and what does it contain?

Answer 11

blue top tube containing the anticoagulant citrate

Question 12

coagulation studies can also be known as….

Answer 12

prothrombin time or PT

Question 13

what types of specimens are used for hematology testing…

Answer 13

capillary + venipuncture

Question 14

Plasma

Answer 14

elements are suspended in watery liquid that contains hundreds of dissolved biochemical substances

Question 15

where are blood cells produced?

Answer 15

bone marrow

Question 16

where is bone marrow found?

Answer 16

in flat bones at the end of long bones

Question 17

erythrocytes…

Answer 17

red blood cells that carry O2 and have hemoglobin molecule

Question 18

Reticulocytes….

Answer 18

the young RBCs, In the bloodstream, which still contain some nuclear DNA remnants that stain blue

Question 19

erythroblast…

Answer 19

immature red blood cells in the bone marrow

Question 20

hemoglobin molecules…

Answer 20

reddish pigment capable of carrying oxygen

Question 21

leukocytes…

Answer 21

WBCs

Question 22

what do leukocytes do?

Answer 22

defends against infection

Question 23

what are the 2 categories of leukocytes?

Answer 23

• granulocyte

- nongranulocyte

Question 24

what are the 3 kinds of mature granulocytes?

Answer 24

• neutrophils
• basophils
• eosinophils

Question 25

myeloblasts....

Answer 25

in the bone marrow develop into the 3 kinds of granulocytes

Question 26

The 3 mature granulocytes are distinguished by the staining of the granules in their ________?

Answer 26

cytoplasm

Question 27

neutrophils def....

Answer 27

have small granules that stain lavender/pink

Question 28

neutrophils are associated with what?

Answer 28

bacterial infections

Question 29

what is the percentage for neutrophils?

Answer 29

50-70%

Question 30

basophils def...

Answer 30

have large granules that stain dark blue

Question 31

basophils are associated with what?

Answer 31

assist the inflammatory response

Question 32

what is the percentage for basophils?

Answer 32

0-1%

Question 33

eosinophils def...

Answer 33

have large granules that stain red

Question 34

eosinophils are associated with what?

Answer 34

allergic reactions & parasitic infestations

Question 35

what is the percentage for eosinophils?

Answer 35

0-5%

Question 36

polymorphonuclear def....

Answer 36

mature neutrophils multisegmented nucleus that appear segemented

Question 37

what are polymorphonuclear also referred to as?

Answer 37

segs

Question 38

what is the % for polymorphonuclear segs?

Answer 38

50-70%

Question 39

nongranulocytes...

Answer 39

may have a few or no granulues in their cytoplasm

Question 40

another word for nongranulocytes...

Answer 40

Agranulocytes

Question 41

anemia

Answer 41

condition in which the red blood cell count or hemoglobin level is below normal

Question 42

poikilocytosis

Answer 42

abnormal shape

Question 43

anisocytosis

Answer 43

abnormal size

Question 44

poikilocytosis & anisocytosis only deal with what?

Answer 44

RBCs

Question 45

thrombosis

Answer 45

formation of clots inside blood vessels; abnormal condition of clotting

Question 46

hemostasis

Answer 46

the body's ability to initiate the clotting process to stop bleeding & prevent a stationary clot

Question 47

what may a patient need to take if they are prone to thrombosis?

Answer 47

anticoagulants

Question 48

Heparin

Answer 48

is a natural (body) anticoagulant and synthetic anticoagulant

Question 49

differential count

Answer 49

scan stained smears to identify the distribution of the 5 types of WBCs/leukocytes on the basis of their staining characteristics, shapes, and sizes

Question 50

another name for polychromatic stain...

Answer 50

Wright's stain

Question 51

what is the largest nongranulocyte?

Answer 51

monocyte

Question 52

what is the smallest nongranulocyte?

Answer 52

lymphocyte

Question 53

fibrinogen is factor 1 or 2?

Answer 53

factor 1

Question 54

fibrinogen def...

Answer 54

one of the plasma proteins involved in clotting

Question 55

prothrombin is factor 1 or 2?

Answer 55

factor 2

Question 56

prothrombin def...

Answer 56

one of 21 plasma proteins involved in clotting

Question 57

macrophages

Answer 57

large, engulfing cells capable of eating debris and foreign matter)

Question 58

what is the % associated with bands?

Answer 58

0-5%

Question 59

bands def...

Answer 59

enter the blood w/ their nuclei in one or two lobes

Question 60

why are blood smears prepared?

Answer 60

to get manual differential count

Question 61

what do lymphocytes develop from?

Answer 61

lymphoblasts

Question 62

lymphocytes differentiate into what?

Answer 62

B&T cells

Question 63

what do lymphocytes do?

Answer 63

They move freely among the blood & lymph vessels and tissues as they constantly survey for and respond to foreign invaders

Question 64

what is the % associated with lymphocytes?

Answer 64

20-40%

Question 65

where do monocytes originate from?

Answer 65

the bone marrow as monoblasts

Question 66

what do monocytes do?

Answer 66

numbers increase during the recovery stage of infection and during healing of traumatized tissue when debris needs to be cleared

Question 67

what percentage of the wbc count is the monocytes?

Answer 67

3-11%

Question 68

Order of prevalance of the 5 WBCs from highest percentage to lowest

Answer 68

- Segmented neutrophils - lymphocytes - monocytes - eosinophils - basophils

Question 69

another name for thrombocytes

Answer 69

platelets

Question 70

thrombocytes def...

Answer 70

release clotting chemicals that activate the formation of sticky fibrin strands that entangle the blood cells and form a clot They gather around the site of a damaged blood vessel in and effort to “plug” the leak

Question 71

thrombocytes differentiate from what?

Answer 71

a megakaryoblast and then into a megakaryocyte

Question 72

megakaryocyte def...

Answer 72

large nuclear cell that releases fragments of its cytoplasm into the bloodstream

Question 73

characteristics of a properly prepared blood smear..

Answer 73

Fresh whole blood from a gently mixed lavender-topped EDTA tube Diff-Safety device is used Small blood drop is applied to the slide Feathered edge - Figure 4c(1) Well-distributed body with margins on each side Smooth, thick-to-thin spreading of the smear with no ridges or tails

Question 74

procedure for preparing a blood smear for a differential count and viewing

Answer 74

First a drop of blood is placed on one end of a slide either with a Diff-Safe device or with a capillary specimen (see Figure 5.10, B-C) Next, a proper smear must be made by using a clean “pusher” slide that is pulled back into the drop of blood at a 30-45 degree angle Allow blood to spread along the edge of the slide Then, with downward pressure, quickly push the “pusher” slide to the other end of the blood drop slide until it is stopped by the fingers

Question 75

"blast" means...

Answer 75

in the stem cells

Question 76

RBCs account for almost _______of our blood volume

Answer 76

1/2

Question 77

after how many days do red blood cells disinegrate?

Answer 77

80-120