Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lab Procedures 2 > Chemistry Exam > Flashcards

Chemistry Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Clotting protein associated substances…

A

prothrombin and fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

nutrients associated substances…

A

glucose, amino acids, fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hormones associated substances…

A

thyroid and pituitary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

proteins associated substances…

A

albumins and globulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

waste associated substances

A

urea, uric acid, creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

salt associated substances

A

electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gamma globulin associated substances

A

antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

enzyme associated substances

A

catalysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The three globulins associated substances

A

alpha, beta, gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is serum obtained from?

A

obtained from a clotted blood specimen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what tube is serum collected in?

A

SST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how long do SST tubes need to sit to form a dense clot?

A

30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how long are serum tubes centrifuged??

A

centrifuged for 10 to 15 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe plasma

A

pale yellow, sticky fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how much of the total blood volume does plasma occupy?

A

Occupies slightly more than 50% of the total blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the goal for the body?

A

to maintain homestasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which specimen is most often used in chemistry testing? & what color top tubes?

A

SERUM SPECIMEN

red + gold top tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

glucose definition

A

a simple six-carbon sugar that all cells and tissues require for life-giving energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what happens to glucose after digestion?

A

Glucose enters the blood after the digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do body cells use glucose for?

A

all absorb blood glucose for energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Homeostatic range for blood glucose levels

A

70 to 100 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

glycogen definition

A

excess glucose that is stored for future needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what 2 things are produced in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas?

A

Insulin and glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Insulin and Glucagon prevent what 2 things?

A

hyperglycemia & hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

insulin definition

A

is secreted from beta cells to lower the glucose levels and prevent hyperglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

hyperglycemia

A

High blood sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is hyperglycemia associated with?

A

diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is hypoglycemia?

A

low blood sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Occult

A

hidden or not visible to the naked eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Desirable cholesterol levels

A

less than 140 mg/dL for adults is desirable and considered normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

HDL

A
  • “good” or healthy cholesterol because they remove plaque from arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

LDL

A
  • “bad” or lousy cholesterol because when high, they form fatty plaque on the walls of the arteries
33
Q

Exogenous cholesterol-

A

 comes from what we eat
 Foods high in saturated fats (fatty meats, eggs, and dairy) and trans fats (synthetic hydrogenated fats in margarines and oils)
 Both fats raise cholesterol levels, causing atherosclerosis or CAD

34
Q

Glucagon definition

A

antagonist of insulin that is secreted from alpha cells to raise blood glucose levels and prevent hypoglycemia

35
Q

Endogenous cholesterol-

A

-the liver can produce all the cholesterol the body needs

36
Q

TC/HDL ratio-

A

 Total cholesterol (TC) compared with the HDL level in the form of a ratio
 This ratio provides an important index for determining the cardiac risk a patient faces because of atherosclerosis

37
Q

TC/HDL ration above 4.5 indicates…

A

indicates that the patient is not producing enough HDL or producing too much LDL

38
Q

what condition is being monitored with uric acid?

A

gout

39
Q

what condition is being monitored with cholesterol?

A

coronary artery disease & artherosclerosis

40
Q

what condition is being monitored with BUN?

A

nephritis or kidney function

41
Q

what condition is being monitored with glucose?

A

diabetes

42
Q

what condition is being monitored with Bilirubin?

A

hepatitis or liver function

43
Q

what panel goes with the tests: Troponins I & T, CK, LD, ALT, myoglobin

A

Cardiac Panel

44
Q

what panel goes with the tests: Bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, LD, GGT

A

Liver, hepatic panel

45
Q

what panel goes with the tests: BUN, creatinine, uric acid

A

kidney, renal panel

46
Q

what panel goes with the tests: TC, HDL, LDL, triglycerides

A

Lipid panel

47
Q

what panel goes with the tests: TSH, T4, T3 uptake

A

thyroid panel

48
Q

what panel goes with: twelve or more tests

A

metabolic panel

49
Q

what panel goes with the tests:sodium, potassium, chloride

A

electrolyte panel

50
Q

iFOBT is used for….

A

the diagnosis of fecal occult blood, with a high degree of sensitivity

51
Q

what is the timing for iFOBT?

A

 In less than five minutes, elevated levels of human hemoglobin can be detected and positive results for high levels of hemoglobin can be seen in the test as early as one or two minutes

52
Q

FOBT test…

A

 is a simple, inexpensive test to detect blood that may be hidden or not visible to the naked eye (occult) on or in a stool specimen

53
Q

the FOBT test is useful in diagnosing what?

A

diagnosing a number of GI disorders

54
Q

after a positive FOBT test, follow ups may include what?

A

proctosigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, barium enema x-ray studies, or endcoscopy

55
Q

what does CAD stand for?

A

coronary artery disease

56
Q

CAD may lead to what…?

A

may lead to myocardial infarcts (heart attacks)

57
Q

there is a a direct link between _________ and coronary artery disease

A

blood lipid levels

58
Q

triglycerides are a direct result of ____________

A

diets rich in carbohydrates

59
Q

triglycerides Accounts for _______ of the fat stored in adipose tissue

A

95%

60
Q

High levels of triglycerides are associated with _________

A

atherosclerotic risk

61
Q

what is a difference between serum and plasma?

A

there are NO clotting factors in serum but there are in plasma

62
Q

Random glucose:

  • when collected?
  • Why is it done?
A
  • Collected at any time

- Done to see if the blood glucose level is within the normal range of less than 140 mg/dL

63
Q

what glucose level is considered prediabetic?

A

140 to 200 mg/dL

64
Q

glucose level greater than 200 mg/dL is indicative of what?

A

diabetes

65
Q

how does Hgb A1c work?

A

 When hemoglobin A in the RBCs is exposed to high levels of glucose, the hemoglobin molecule is permanently glycosylated and changes into hemoglobin A1c

66
Q

Normal Hgb A1c reference range for an adult without diabetes is ___________

A

below 5.7%

67
Q

what does the Hgb test provide?

A

provides an accurate long-term index of the patient’s average blood glucose level

68
Q

FBG stands for….

A

fasting blood glucose

69
Q

when is a fasting blood glucose taken?

A

Blood sample is taken in the morning after a 10 to 14 hours fast

70
Q

what should a patient’s FBG should be?

A

less than 100 mg/dL

71
Q

what does GTT stand for?

A

glucose tolerance test

72
Q

what does GTT measure?

A

measuring a patient’s glucose metabolism

73
Q

how is a GTT done?

A

Blood glucose levels are measured at fasting and then at 1-hour intervals for 2 to 6 hours

74
Q

GTT begins with what?

A

Begins with fasting blood specimen

75
Q

how does OGTT or 2-hr post prandial test work?

A

 Starts with a measurement of the FBG level
 If the results are in acceptable range, the patient then drinks a glucose-rich drink (Glucola) and is retested after 2 hours
 Normal blood glucose levels should be lowered to less than 140 mg/dL 2 hours after glucose-rich drink

76
Q

what is important to know before a triglyceride test?

A

 Patients should be fasting before testing and refrain from alcohol 2 days before testing

77
Q

how can triglyceride levels be lowered?

A

 Levels can be lowered by exercising and decreasing dietary intake of sweets and alcohol

78
Q

if there are elevated triglycerides what is produced?

A

 If elevated, they produce a milky-white appearance in plasma, a condition called hyperlipidemia

Lab Procedures 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions