Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

beefy red, tongue

A

B12 deficiency

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2
Q

You have a patient on Coumadin with a history of DVT. What do you do if their INR is 1.4?

A

Increase the Coumadin dose.

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3
Q

What is the T score to diagnose osteopenia?

A

-1.0 to -2.5

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4
Q

What is the T score to diagnose osteoporosis?

A

less than -2.5

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5
Q

List two macrocytic, normochromic anemias.

A

B12 and folate deficiencies

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6
Q

what is cyanocobalamin?

A

B12 injection

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7
Q

microcytic, hypochromic, elevated RDW, decreased iron/ferritin

A

iron deficiency anemia

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8
Q

treatment for iron def. anemia?

A

elemental iron 150-200mg/day and organ meats, red meat, peas, beans, dark green leafy veggies, whole grains

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9
Q

microcytic, hypochromic, normal iron, normal RDW
DX?
Next step?

A

Thalaseemia
DX by electrophoresis
Refer to hematology

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10
Q

range for MCV

A

microcytic < 80
normal 80-100
macrocytic > 100

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11
Q

multiple myeloma

A

cancer of the bone marrow, usually of the older adult
highest in African Americans
c/o bone pain and weakness

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12
Q

true/false

take iron on an empty stomach.

A

true, and take it with vitamin C to increase absorption

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13
Q

describe normal RDW

A

Red cell distribution width- degree of variation in RBC SIZE

<15% variation is normal

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14
Q

what is normal hgb and hct in males and females?

A
HGB 
males 13-18g, 
females 12-16g
HCT 37-52% 
(M 42-52%, F 37-47%)
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15
Q

smooth swollen tongue, PICA, spoon-shaped nails

A

iron def. anemia

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16
Q

koilonychia

A

spoon shaped and brittle nails

17
Q

what lab makes anemia macrocytic?

A

MCV > 100

18
Q

what anemia is associated with memory loss and numbness/tingling

A

B12 def. aka pernicious anemia

19
Q

chronic EOTH use is associated with which type of anemia?

A

folate def. anemia

20
Q

Match the foods to B12 or folate/iron:

1) meat, poultry, eggs, milk, cheese
2) red organ meat, beans, peanut butter, green leafy vegetables, beans, whole grains
3) spinach, liver, beans, broccoli, brussel sprouts.

A

1) B12
2) folate/iron
3) folate/iron

21
Q

how to diagnose sickle cell anemia

A

electrophoresis

22
Q

What happens to the spleen in sickle cell anemia?

A

hyposplenia, spleen may not be palpable

23
Q

aplastic anemia

A

Destruction of pluripotent stem cells inside the bone marrow
Causes: radiation, adverse drug effects, viral infection
Labs: pancytopenia
DX: bone marrow biopsy
Refer to hematology

24
Q

increased RBC’s (thick blood); s/s- HA, dizzy, SOB, blurred vision; risk factors- COPD, smoking, high altitude living

A

Polycythemia

25
Q

G6PD deficiency

A

Genetic, Af.American MEN
Causes: hemolytic anemia (destruction of RBCs)
TX: avoid triggers:
fava beans, aspirin, some antibiotics

26
Q

Hodgkin’s vs Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Hodgkin’s= younger, Reed-Steinburg cells
Non-Hodgkin’s= older, poor prognosis
**both have night sweats, fever, enlarged lymph nodes

27
Q

bone pain + hypercalcemia

A

Multiple Myeloma