Hematology Flashcards
beefy red, tongue
B12 deficiency
You have a patient on Coumadin with a history of DVT. What do you do if their INR is 1.4?
Increase the Coumadin dose.
What is the T score to diagnose osteopenia?
-1.0 to -2.5
What is the T score to diagnose osteoporosis?
less than -2.5
List two macrocytic, normochromic anemias.
B12 and folate deficiencies
what is cyanocobalamin?
B12 injection
microcytic, hypochromic, elevated RDW, decreased iron/ferritin
iron deficiency anemia
treatment for iron def. anemia?
elemental iron 150-200mg/day and organ meats, red meat, peas, beans, dark green leafy veggies, whole grains
microcytic, hypochromic, normal iron, normal RDW
DX?
Next step?
Thalaseemia
DX by electrophoresis
Refer to hematology
range for MCV
microcytic < 80
normal 80-100
macrocytic > 100
multiple myeloma
cancer of the bone marrow, usually of the older adult
highest in African Americans
c/o bone pain and weakness
true/false
take iron on an empty stomach.
true, and take it with vitamin C to increase absorption
describe normal RDW
Red cell distribution width- degree of variation in RBC SIZE
<15% variation is normal
what is normal hgb and hct in males and females?
HGB males 13-18g, females 12-16g HCT 37-52% (M 42-52%, F 37-47%)
smooth swollen tongue, PICA, spoon-shaped nails
iron def. anemia
koilonychia
spoon shaped and brittle nails
what lab makes anemia macrocytic?
MCV > 100
what anemia is associated with memory loss and numbness/tingling
B12 def. aka pernicious anemia
chronic EOTH use is associated with which type of anemia?
folate def. anemia
Match the foods to B12 or folate/iron:
1) meat, poultry, eggs, milk, cheese
2) red organ meat, beans, peanut butter, green leafy vegetables, beans, whole grains
3) spinach, liver, beans, broccoli, brussel sprouts.
1) B12
2) folate/iron
3) folate/iron
how to diagnose sickle cell anemia
electrophoresis
What happens to the spleen in sickle cell anemia?
hyposplenia, spleen may not be palpable
aplastic anemia
Destruction of pluripotent stem cells inside the bone marrow
Causes: radiation, adverse drug effects, viral infection
Labs: pancytopenia
DX: bone marrow biopsy
Refer to hematology
increased RBC’s (thick blood); s/s- HA, dizzy, SOB, blurred vision; risk factors- COPD, smoking, high altitude living
Polycythemia
G6PD deficiency
Genetic, Af.American MEN
Causes: hemolytic anemia (destruction of RBCs)
TX: avoid triggers:
fava beans, aspirin, some antibiotics
Hodgkin’s vs Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s= younger, Reed-Steinburg cells
Non-Hodgkin’s= older, poor prognosis
**both have night sweats, fever, enlarged lymph nodes
bone pain + hypercalcemia
Multiple Myeloma