Hematology Flashcards
16g Needle
Grey Pigs
18g Needle
Green Horse, Cow, Large breed dogs
20g Needle
Pink Dogs
22g Needle
Blue Small dogs, cats
25g needle
Red Avian, neonates, Cats (femoral vein)
Purple Top Tube (PTT or LTT)
EDTA CBC
Green Top Tube (GTT)
Heparin Blood Gases
Blue Top Tube (BTT)
Sodium Citrate Coagulation Studies Tube must be full, mix, spin, plasma goes in another tube, refrigerate
Grey Top Tube (GreyTT)
Oxylate Glucose Studies
Red Top Tube (RTT)
Nothing Blood Chemistries
Red Ring Crit
Heparin PCV/TP direct from pt
Blue Ring Crit
Nothing PCV/TP from PTT
Black Ring Crit
Heparin Avian/Reptile CBC
PCV
Packed Cell Volume % of whole blood that is made up of RBC’s
TP
Total Protein Amount of protein present in the fluid portion of blood
Plasma
the fluid portion of anticoagulated blood
Serum
the fluid portion of coagulated blood
RBC normal ranges
RBC/ul Dog 5-10 Cat 5-11
WBC normal ranges
WBC/ul Dog 6,000- 17,000 Cat 5,500- 19,500
Corrected WBC
Only do if >5 nRBC’s WBC x 100 / nRBC’s + 100
Platelet normal ranges
Dog/Cat 200,000- 500,000 plts/ul
MCV normal ranges
Dog 60-70 fl Cat 39-55 fl
MCHC normal ranges
Dog/Cat 30-36 g/dl
MCV math/units
PCV x 10 / RBC = fl
MCHC math/units
Hgb x 100 / PCV= g/dl
MCH math/units
Hgb x 10 / RBC= pg
Observed Retics math/units
Retics / 1000 x 100= %
Corr Obs Retics math/units
PCV x ObsRetics / PCV avg= %
Abs Retics math/units
Retics / 1000 x RBC (whole #) = retic/ul
Abs Rectic ranges
> 60,000= regenative anemia < 60,000= non-regenative anemia
PCV normal ranges
Dog 37-55% Cat 30-45%
TP normal ranges
Dog 5.0-7.0 g/dl Cat 5.0-8.0 g/dl
5 differences between avian blood vs. Mammalian blood
- Mature nRBC’s (avian) v. Concave shape 2. Polychromasia common (avian) v. not common 3. Thrombocytes (avian) v. Platelets 4. Heterophils (avian) v. Neutrophils 5. Basophil is mononuclear (avian) v. Basophil is segmented
Avian blood parasites
Hemoproteus spp. Leukocytoon spp.
Toxic Neutrophils
Diffused cytoplasmic basophilia Dohle bodies Cytoplasmic vacuolization Toxic Azurophilic granules
Granulocytes
Neutrophils (segs) Eosinophils Basophils
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes Monocytes
2 types of Retics
Punctate- polka dots, more mature Aggregate- Clumped ribosomes, less mature, only count in cats and birds
Why do we do a Retic count
to determine the bone marrow’s response to anemia
How many RBC’s are counted for a retic count
1000 RBC and tally retics as you go
How many WBC’s are counted for a diff
100 cells on 40x
Normal BV rages
Dog 88 mls/kg Cat 66 mls/kg
Normal BV math/units
Animals wight in kg x species norm= mls
Fluid replacement math/units
wt in kg x % dehydrated x 1000= mls needed
Fibrinogen math/units
TP - hp x 1000= mg/dl
TP:F math/units
TP / F in g/dl= (no units)
How do you spin a crit tube
6000 rpm for 5 min
What is done on 10x in the feathered edge
WBC distribution, Plt clumping, Abnormal cells, Microfilaria
What is done on 10x in the monolayer
WBC distribution Adequate size
What is done on 40x in the monolayer
WBC diff Begin morphology
What is done on 100x oil in the monolayer
RBC/WBC Morphology - size, shape, color, +/- inclusions. Always quantify as mild, mod, marked Plt assessment - 8-30 app adequate - < 8 app decreasd - > 30 app increased
What is done on 10x in the body
RBC associations Rouleaux Agglutination
How do you tell the difference between Rouleaux and Agglutination
Saline wash -Rouleaux will wash away, while Agglutination will stay.
Abnormally shaped RBC’s
Poikiocytosis
RBC’s with no central pallor
Spherocytes
2 terms for nRBC’s depending on stain
Polychromatophil- Dif-Quik/Wright’s Reticylocyte- NMB
RBC’s with long, irregular projections
Acanthocyte
RBC fragments
Schistocytes
RBC’s with small, spike-like projections
Echinocytes
RBC’s with blister or vacuoles
Keratocytes
RBC’s with more surface area then contents
Leptocytes
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area, seen only in dogs with chondrodystrophy
Stomatocytes
Punched out cell
Torocytes
Blister cell seen in conjunction with Heinz bodies
Eccentrocyte
Empty RBC
ghost cell
RNA appearing as very small spots that stain blue
Basophilic Stippling
Single or double inclusions on a RBC
Howell-Jolly Bodies
Clear nipple like protrusion form a cell, caused by zinc toxicity or stress in cats
Heinz Bodies
What is the anatomy of a crit tube
RBC’s, Buffy coat, Plasma Buffy coat= WBC’s and Plts