Hematology

Question 1

Regenerative anemias associated with

Answer 1

1. blood loss
2. hemolysis
   * takes several days to mount a response (3-5 days)

Question 2

Non regenerative anemias indicate

Answer 2

decreased erythropoiesis in bone marrow

Question 3

blood film findings in regenerative anemia

Answer 3

1. Polychromasia
2. nRBCs (ush metarubricytes)
3. Howell-Jolly bodies
4. Possibly basophilic stippling

Question 4

Things suggestive of hemolysis

Answer 4

1. Normal TP
2. Hemoglobinemia
3. Hemoglobinuria
4. Icterus
5. Splenomegaly
6. Heinz bodies (oxidative injury)
7. Frag morph: Schistocytes/keratocytes
8. Spherocytes (cheese and broccoli)
9. Erythroparasites

Question 5

Things suggestive of acute blood loss

Answer 5

1. Decreased TP
2. Mild thrombocytopenia (loss with whole blood)
3. Severe thrombocytopenia (may cause hemorrhage)
4. Acanthocytes/schistocytes
5. Schistocytes, keratocytes, thrombocytopenia - DIC

Question 6

Things suggestive of chronic blood loss

Answer 6

1. normal/decreased TP
2. Thrombocytosis
3. Hypochromasia +/- low MCV (Fe deficiency)
4. Keratocytes and schistocytes (Fe deficiency)

Question 7

Most common cause hypochromasia dogs

Answer 7

Iron deficiency

Question 8

Spherocytes

Answer 8

*Small dense RBCs no central pallor
*IMHA
Also seen in
1. Heinz-body anemia
2. zinc toxicosis
3. after blood transfusion

Question 9

Keratocytes

Answer 9

1. Iron deficiency
2. Oxidative damage
3. Microangiopathic dz

Question 10

Echinocytes

Answer 10

1. artifact (slow drying blood films)
2. renal dz
3. electrolyte disorders
4. chemotherapy
5. lymphoma
6. rattlesnake envenomation (special type)

Question 11

Spheroechinocytes

Answer 11

• Form 24-48 hours after envenomation

- reliable indicator of recent rattlesnake envenomation

Question 12

Schistocytes

Answer 12

Red cell frags from intravascular trauma

Question 13

Acanthocytes

Answer 13

1. Changes in lipid content of cell membranes

Question 14

Heinz bodies

Answer 14

NIPPLES
Denatured hemoglobin from oxidative damage
Specific ox toxins include:
1. onion
2. garlic
3. zinc
4. propylene glycol
5. phenothiazine
6. Vit K, propofol, acetaminophen

Question 15

Howell-Jolly bodies

Answer 15

Nuclear remnants, small round basophilic inclusions

Regenerative anemias

Question 16

Basophilic stippling

Answer 16

1. Numerous small basophilic dots inside red cells
2. Intensely regenerative anemias
3. If no regenerative anemia, Pb poisoning

Question 17

Agglutination

Answer 17

From coating of antibody

Suggests IMHA

Question 18

Left shift

Answer 18

Increased number of band neutrophils

Inflammatory leukogram

Question 19

Degenerative left shift

Answer 19

Immature forms outnumber segmented forms

Question 20

Toxic changes

Answer 20

1. Increased cytoplasmic basophilia
2. Dohle bodies
3. Foamy vacuolation
4. Pink toxic granulation
5. Giant neuts
6. Donut neuts

Question 21

Toxic metamyelocytes look like

Answer 21

monocytes

Question 22

Inability to segment nucleus

Answer 22

1. Pelger-Huet anomaly
2. All granulocytes affected
3. Don’t confuse with severe left shift

Question 23

Reactive lymphocytes

Answer 23

1. can be from antigenic stimulation
2. larger than neut
3. more and deep blue cytoplasm

Question 24

Reactive lymphocytes may look like

Answer 24

neoplastic lymphocytes

Question 25

Large granular lymphocytes

Answer 25

1. abundant, pale cytoplasm with magenta granules
2. increased numbers assoc with
   - ehrlichia
   - chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Question 26

Mast cells

Answer 26

1. ush seen at feathered edge
2. Differentiated from basophils by
   - round nucleus
   - numerous dark granules that may obscure nucleus
3. seen with inflammation/neoplasia