Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin path 4th year > Body cavity effusions > Flashcards

Body cavity effusions Flashcards

1
Q

Samples of effusion should be collected in what tube?

A

EDTA (purple top)

*keep an aliquot in red top if possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

At the time of collection always

A

Make a slide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pure transudate parameters

A 
Protein < 2.5 g/dl
Nucleated cells < 1000/microl
*low numbers
-nondegenerate neutrophils
-monocytes
-lymphocytes
-occasional reactive mesothelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Transudates from hypoabluminemia happen when albumen conc

A

conc < 1.0 g/dl

*Unless hypertension also present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Conditions resulting in pure transudates

A
  1. Dec. protein production
  2. Increased protein loss
  3. Relative decrease plasma albumin
  4. Increased venous pressure (hypertension)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Decreased protein production seen in patients with

A
  1. liver failure ie: cirrhosis
  2. malnutrition
  3. maldigestion
  4. malabsorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Increased protein loss

A
  1. PLN
  2. PLE
  3. Intestinal parasitism
  4. Intestinal neoplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Relative decrease plasma albumin

A

Iatrogenic from too much fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Increased venous pressure from

A
  1. Portal hypertension secondary to
    - chronic liver dz
    - portal vein hypoplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Uroperitoneum

A

NON SEPTIC EXUDATE

  1. Transudate like fluid
  2. very low protein and TNCC
  3. Neutrophils typically predominate
  4. Other biochem abn
    - elevated serum BUN and creat
    - hypoNa, hyperK
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Transudate classification in horses

A

Protein < 2.5 g/dl
Cells < 1,500/microl
*neuts usually predominate
*can be normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Modified Transudate parameters

A

Protein 2.5-5.0 g/dl
Cell count 500-5,000/microl
*majority mononuclear cells
*may eventually look like nonseptic exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical conditions resulting in modified transudates

A
  1. Congestive heart failure (dog)
    - Cats with CHF get chylous effusions
  2. Lymphoma, carcinoma, mesothelioma, hemangiosarc
  3. Hernias
  4. Obstruction cranial vena cava, caudal vena cava, hepatic vein
  5. Trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Modified transudates in equines

A

cell count 5,000-10,000 /microl
Normal if protein < 2.5 g/dl
Abnormal if protein > 2.5 g/dl
*neutrophils will predominate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes modified transudate in equines

A
  1. proximal enteritis
  2. thromboembolism
  3. strangulation of vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Exudate parameters

A

white to amber to pink color, usually turbid
Protein usually > 3 g/dl
Cell counts typically > 5,000 / microl
*neut is predominant cell pop

17
Q

Clinical conditions resulting in nonseptic exudates

A
  1. Uroperitoneum
  2. Bile peritonitis
  3. Feline FIP
  4. Infection/inflammation in internal organs
  5. sterile foreign bodies
  6. neoplasia
18
Q

Bile peritonitis

A
  1. Nonseptic in acute stages
  2. Yellow-green to brown color
  3. Dark gree to black seen in background and in phagocytes
19
Q

FIP

A
  1. Usually very high protein count (granular, eosinophilic background material)
  2. Nucleated cell counts variable
  3. Predominant cell type non-degenerate neuts
20
Q

Septic exudate parameters

A
  1. Phagocytosed intracellular organisms
  2. Nuclear karyolysis
    - swollen pale nucleus
  3. Nuclear karyorrhexis
    - nuclear fragmentation
21
Q

Exudative fluids in equines

A

cell count > 10,000/microl

protein > 3.0 g/dl

22
Q

Hemorrhagic effusions

A
  1. PCV should be at least 10-25% peripheral blood
  2. Platelets ush not present
  3. Blood usually doesn’t clot
  4. Macs with erythrocytes, hemosiderin, hematoidin
23
Q

Clin. conditions causing hemorrhagic effusions

A
  1. Traumatic injury
  2. Rodenticide poisoning
  3. Neoplasia
  4. Hemorrhagic pericardial effusions
24
Q

Two neoplasms commonly causing pericardial effusion

A
  1. hemangiosarcoma

2. chemodectoma (heart base tumors)

25
Q

Exfoliated mesothelium may have characteristics

A

That mimic malignancy

26
Q

Chylous effusion causes

A
  1. CHF cats
  2. mediastinal neoplasms
  3. hernia
  4. lung torsion
  5. granuloma
  6. lymphedema
  7. Idiopathic
27
Q

Term neoplastic effusion should only be used

A

When neoplastic cell population ID’d in fluid

28
Q

Clinical conditions resulting in neoplastic effusions

A
  1. Lymphoma
  2. Carcinoma/adenocarcinoma
  3. Hemangiosarcoma
  4. Mesothelioma
  5. Mast Cell Tumors
29
Q

Lymphoma

A
  1. Ush homogenous pop large lymphoblasts
30
Q

Carcinoma/Adenocarcinoma

A
  1. Carcinomatosis
    - marked pleomorphism
    - macrokaryosis (giant nuclei)
    - large angular or multiple nucleoli
    - multinucleation
    - increased mitotic activity
31
Q

Hemangiosarcoma

A
  1. Ush can’t see neoplastic cells

2. If present cells large, small clusters, polygonal to spindle, pale blue appearance, large nuclei, megalocytosis

Clin path 4th year (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions