Hematology Flashcards
Iron def anemia etiology
rapid increase in body size
insuff of iron in diet
preterm
IDA sxs
pallor or spooning of nails
pica
IDA complications
neuro dysfxn with irritability, short attention span, poor scholastic performance
IDA Tx
ferrous sulfate or ferrous glycinate
increase iron rich foods (meat, dried fruit, beans, PB)
supplement iron 1mg/kg/day for infants exclusively breastfed past 6 mos
IDA Screening
9 mos, 5 years, 14 years
Thalassemia
unpaired globin chains cause hemolysis and splenomegaly
ineffective erythropoiesis causes hepatosplenomegaly and bony changes
short RBC lifespan
alpha Thalassemia
3 genes= silent carrier
2 genes= trait, Hb Bart, usu asx
1 gene= Hb H dz, SE Asia, mod microcytic anemia, splenomegaly
0 genes= hydrops fetalis, SE Asia, death in utero
beta Thalassemia
1 gene= mild anemia with significant hypochromic and microcystosis
0 genes= life threatening anemia apparent after 6 mos, severe hypochromic, microcytic anemia
* complications- skeletal abnormalities, growth retardation, CHF, gallstones, iron overload
Hemoglobin
9-12 g/dL in a/B trait
6-10 g/dL in Hb H dz
7-10 g/dL in B thalassemia intermedia
<5g/dL in B thalassemia major
Henoch-Scholein Purpura
immune mediated, systemic vasculitis of skin, GI tract, kidneys
assoc with strep throat
fever, HTN, purpuric rash in pressure-dep distribution
jt pain/swelling
nonpitting edema of scalp, periorbital, hands and feet
colicky abdominal pain
Henoch-Scholein Purpura labs
IgA elevated
UA: hematuria, proteinuria
Stool guiac
Ab US to screen for intussusception
Henoch-Scholein complications
HTN, kidney dz, intussusception, bowel perforation, appendicitis
Henoch-Scholein prognosis
excellent, 33% chance of recurrence
may have GI tract dz
renal involvement most sig sequalae
Henoch-Scholein Tx
analgesics, steroids
steroids/immunosuppressants if >50% crescentic glomerulonephritis
Hemophilia
def of factor VIII (A) or IX (B)
sex linked recessive
impaired thrombin and fibrin clotting/jt bleeding
