Cardio and Resp

Question 1

Kawasaki Syndrome, vasculitis

Answer 1

4/5 of:

i. conjunctivitis
ii. non-vesicular rash
iii. oral inflammation
iv. edema or erythema of extremities
v. cervical lymphadenopathy

Question 2

Kawasaki Syndrome labs and complications

Answer 2

WBC increased, left shift, mild anemia; elevated CRP; ESR; echocardiogram
complications- aneurysm, pancarditis, pericardial effusion, death

Question 3

Kawasaki TX

Answer 3

hospitalize and give IVIG before day 10 of clinical illness; high dose ASA; no corticosteroids; bedrest; restriction from strenuous activity

Question 4

Central cyanosis

Answer 4

(right to left shunt)

• tetralogy of fallot
• transposition of great arteries
• tricuspid or pulmonary atresia
• truncus arteriosus
• transitional circulation
• total anomalous pulmonary venous return

Question 5

CHF

Answer 5

Severe tricuspid or pulmonic insufficiency Underdeveloped left ventricle Severe pulmonic or aortic stenosis
transposition of great vessels (with shunt), coarctation of aorta
iii. infancy: VSD, truncus arteriosus, PDA

Question 6

Murmurs

Answer 6

peripheral pulmonary stenosis
MVP: (echocardiography, holter monitor); prophylactic abx to prevent subacute bacterial endocarditis
ASD: seen in trisomy 21, surgery
VSD: presents at 2-3 weeks
PDA: machine gun murmur, resolves on its own
Tetrology of Fallot: PROV
-Pulm stenosis
-RV hypertrophy
-Overriding aorta
-VSD

Question 7

most common symptomatic arrythmia in children

Answer 7

SVT

Question 8

how to diagnose arrythmia

Answer 8

Holter monitor

ECG

Question 9

Cough DDX

Answer 9

post URI, croup, pertussis, foreign object, epiglottitis, cystic fibrosis

Question 10

Bronchitis

Answer 10

dry harsh cough, fever, rhonchi

usu self-limiting

Question 11

Bronchiolitis

Answer 11

rapid onset, toxic appearance, severe inspiratory stridor, drooling, sore throat. Retractions. Accessory muscle use.

usu caused by RSV

Question 12

Pneumonia

Answer 12

productive cough, SOB, chest pain, HA, fever, malaise
Labs/Imaging: CXR, CBC
TX: abx, O2, bronchodilators
PE: TACHYPNEA, dyspnea, cough

Question 13

Asthma

[Reactive airway disease]

Answer 13

DDX: infection, foreign body, GER, CF

PE: normal when not having an attack

Question 14

Asthma TX

Answer 14

B2 agonists, theophylline, mast cell stabilizers, steroids, leukotriene modifiers

Question 15

Croup

Answer 15

just a virus! seal like cough at night when mucus pools
Homeo: spongia, aconite, hep sulph
Steam inhalations