Hematology Flashcards
Basophils have a bilobed nucleus. True or false?
True
Eosinophils and basophils are both involved in …….. reactions
Allergic
Where do B cells, T cells and NK cells originate?
The bone marrow
What is the function of CD4 cells?
Induce proliferation and differentiation of T and B cells. Activate macrophages
How long do red blood cells survive?
120 days
What is the function of CD8+ cells?
Cytotoxic activity and inducing apoptosis
When blood cells have matured in the bone marrow. They move ……..
Centrally
What is haemopoiesis?
It is the formation of all blood cell types
All immune response cells are derived from?
Lymphoidblast cells
RBCs, WBC, platelets and granulocytes and all derived from …….
Myloidblast cells
Myloidblast + erythpoietin =
Red blood cell
Thrombopoietin is a cytokine. What is its affect on myeloidblast?
It causes them to differentiate to platelets
What is the name of two main metabolic pathways in RBC’s?
1) Embden meyerhof pathway
2) Hexose monophosphate pathway
If there is reduced partial pressure of oxygen detected in the interstiail peritubular cells in the kidney. What happens?
There is increased production of erythropoietin. Resulting in more RBC maturation.
In what form is haemoglobin excreted in the kidneys?
Urobillogen
What produces platelets?
Megakaryocytes
Do platelets have a nucleus?
No
What are the function of platelets? (3)
- Adhesion to connective tissue
- Aggregation with other platelets
- Phospholipid membrane to facilitate
What is the purpose of dense bodies in platelets?
To aid in platelet aggregation. They contain molecules such as 5-HT, ADP, catecholamines and calcium.
What is the purpose of A-granules inside platelets?
They contain glycoproteins released on platelet activation
Explain the process of platelet aggregation?
1) Release of ADP granules
2) GP IIb/IIIa receptors exposed
3) Primary and secondary aggregation
What molecule controls the maturation of neutrophils?
G-CSF
What are the functions (2) of neutrophils?
- Enhances chemotaxis
- Enhances phagocytosis and killing of pathogens
What do monocytes respond to?
Inflammation and antigenic stimuli
What is the purpose of the reticuloendothelial system?
To identify and mount an appropriate immune response to foreign antigens
What cell types are involved in the reticuloendothelial system? (5)
Monocytes, macrophages, Kupffer cells, tissue histiocytes and microglial cells in the CNS
Eosinophils contain red granules. What is contained within these granules?
Arginine, phospholipid, enzymes
