Hematology

Question 1

Basophils have a bilobed nucleus. True or false?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Eosinophils and basophils are both involved in …….. reactions

Answer 2

Allergic

Question 3

Where do B cells, T cells and NK cells originate?

Answer 3

The bone marrow

Question 4

What is the function of CD4 cells?

Answer 4

Induce proliferation and differentiation of T and B cells. Activate macrophages

Question 5

How long do red blood cells survive?

Answer 5

120 days

Question 6

What is the function of CD8+ cells?

Answer 6

Cytotoxic activity and inducing apoptosis

Question 7

When blood cells have matured in the bone marrow. They move ……..

Answer 7

Centrally

Question 8

What is haemopoiesis?

Answer 8

It is the formation of all blood cell types

Question 9

All immune response cells are derived from?

Answer 9

Lymphoidblast cells

Question 10

RBCs, WBC, platelets and granulocytes and all derived from …….

Answer 10

Myloidblast cells

Question 11

Myloidblast + erythpoietin =

Answer 11

Red blood cell

Question 12

Thrombopoietin is a cytokine. What is its affect on myeloidblast?

Answer 12

It causes them to differentiate to platelets

Question 13

What is the name of two main metabolic pathways in RBC’s?

Answer 13

1) Embden meyerhof pathway

2) Hexose monophosphate pathway

Question 14

If there is reduced partial pressure of oxygen detected in the interstiail peritubular cells in the kidney. What happens?

Answer 14

There is increased production of erythropoietin. Resulting in more RBC maturation.

Question 15

In what form is haemoglobin excreted in the kidneys?

Answer 15

Urobillogen

Question 16

What produces platelets?

Answer 16

Megakaryocytes

Question 17

Do platelets have a nucleus?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

What are the function of platelets? (3)

Answer 18

• Adhesion to connective tissue
• Aggregation with other platelets
• Phospholipid membrane to facilitate

Question 19

What is the purpose of dense bodies in platelets?

Answer 19

To aid in platelet aggregation. They contain molecules such as 5-HT, ADP, catecholamines and calcium.

Question 20

What is the purpose of A-granules inside platelets?

Answer 20

They contain glycoproteins released on platelet activation

Question 21

Explain the process of platelet aggregation?

Answer 21

1) Release of ADP granules
2) GP IIb/IIIa receptors exposed
3) Primary and secondary aggregation

Question 22

What molecule controls the maturation of neutrophils?

Answer 22

G-CSF

Question 23

What are the functions (2) of neutrophils?

Answer 23

• Enhances chemotaxis

- Enhances phagocytosis and killing of pathogens

Question 24

What do monocytes respond to?

Answer 24

Inflammation and antigenic stimuli

Question 25

What is the purpose of the reticuloendothelial system?

Answer 25

To identify and mount an appropriate immune response to foreign antigens

Question 26

What cell types are involved in the reticuloendothelial system? (5)

Answer 26

Monocytes, macrophages, Kupffer cells, tissue histiocytes and microglial cells in the CNS

Question 27

Eosinophils contain red granules. What is contained within these granules?

Answer 27

Arginine, phospholipid, enzymes