Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics - clinical > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

How is anemia defined

A

low hematocrit and/or hemoglobin relative to normal values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the symptoms of anemia

A

weakness, fatigue, dyspnea on exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is seen on PE with anemia

A

pallor, tachycardia, systolic flow murmur, jaundice, positive stool guiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is primary hemostasis

A

formation of a weak platelet plug and causes mucocutaneous bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is secondary hemostasis

A

problems with coagulation factors and causes deep tissue bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the presentation of PTT and PT with patients on warfarin

A

prolonged PT
Normal aPTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the presentation of PT and aPTT for a patients on heparin

A

Prolonged aPTT
normal PT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is hemophilia

A

deficiency in coagulation factor
hemophilia A and B are X-linked recessive disorder - deficiencies in factor 8 and 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Astrocytoma

A

the most common Primary childhood CNS tumors that develop from astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how is astrocytoma diagnosed

A

MRI and hisological eval of biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is mudulloblastoma

A

m/c MALIGNANT posterior fossa tumor in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is Ependymoma

A

3rd m/c CNS tumor in kids
mean age dx is 6yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is retinoblastoma

A

malignancy of retina of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what facotr is deficient in Hemophilia A

A

Factor 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what factor is deficient in Hemophilia B

A

Factor 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is hemophilia diagnosed

A

Increase PTT
Normal PT
Normal Platelet
with decreased Factor 8 or 9 on assay

17
Q

how is hemophilia treated

A

replacement of factor 8 or 9
- avoid situations that may provoke bleeding and avoid bleeding drugs

18
Q

what is the most common environmental illness of kids in the US

A

Lead Poisoning

19
Q

what are symptoms of lead poisoning

A

non-specific
behavioral changes, tempermental lability, irritability, hyper/hypoactivity, developmental delays, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, lethargy, HA, ataxia and seizures

20
Q

what lead level is considered positive for lead poisoning

A

10 ug/dL

21
Q

How is lead poisioning diagnosed? what is seen on lab results?

A

Whole blood lead levels
basophilic stippling
Decrease or normal MCV
decreased or nomal MCH
Hemolysis

22
Q

what is the treatment for Lead poisoning

A

prevent further exposure
chelation therapy
dietary measures

23
Q

what is the presentation of ALL

A

child + lymphadenopathy + bone pain + bleeding + fever
bone marrow > 20% blasts in bone marrow

24
Q

what ages are most common for ALL

A

peak age 3-7yo

25
Q

what is seen on blood smear with AML

A

Auer Rods

26
Q

what is the treatment for ALL

A

chemo

27
Q

what is the treatment for AML

A

combo chemo and bone marrow transplant

28
Q

what is Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Tumor dervied from lymphocytes - specifically B-cells which mainly reside in lymph nodes

29
Q

what is the presentation of Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

painless cervical and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy
fatigue, weight loss, fever, chills, drenching night sweats > 1 month

30
Q

what diagnostic tests are used for Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

CXR - mediastinal mass
CBC - normal, elevated ESR
CT - for staging
excisional biopsy of lymph nodes

31
Q

what is seen on biopsy for Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Reed-sternberg cells

32
Q

what is Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

tumor derived from lymphocytes - specifically B-cells and T- cells

33
Q

what is the presentation of NHL

A

painless lymphadenoapthy
extranodal involvement - GI tract, bone marrow, spinal cord

34
Q

what is the earliest sign of Neutropenia

A

Fever
(usually hx of chemo treatment)

35
Q

what is the outpatient treatment for Neutropenia

A

Cipro + Augmentin
Moxifloxacin

Pediatrics - clinical (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions