Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Critical Care > Hematological and Immune Alterations > Flashcards

Hematological and Immune Alterations Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Site of Cell Production

A

Bone Marrow Production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Secondary Site of Cell production

A

Spleen
Liver
Thymus
Lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Erythrocytes

A

RBC
stim by kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets
Clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Leukocytes

A

WBC
Fight infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Granular Leukocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neutrophils

A

Bacterial Infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Eosinophils

A

Allergens
Parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Basophils

A

Allergic response
Inflammatory response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Active immunity

A

actively produces cells to fight antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Passive immunity

A

Passed on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Humoral Immunity

A

Immunoglobins
IgG
IgM - first
IgA
IgE - allergies
IgD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cell medicated immunity

A

T lymphocytes
Initiated by macrophages

for viral, fungal, intracellular infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

Injury to blood factor 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Extrinsic factor

A

Injury to tissue factor 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

breakdown of clot
thrombin released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cues to hematological or immunological problems

A

altered oxygenation
bleeding
infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anemia causes

A

Blood loss
Impaired production
Increased RBC destruction
Combination of three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Types of anemia (7)

A

Marrow failure – bone marrow disorder on RBC precursors
* Aplastic – disorder hematopoietic stem cells (RBC, WBC,
PLT)
* Hemolytic – extrasplenic destruction of RBC
* Sickle cell – abnormal Hbg
* B12 deficiency – decreased HCl and intrinsic factor
(pernicious anemia)
* Folic acid deficiency – malabsorption of folic acid
* Iron deficiency—(most common) decreased iron stores

20
Q

Tx of anemia

A
  • Erythropoietin used to stimulate RBC production – marrow
    failure
  • Bone marrow stimulants – aplastic
  • Staphylococcal protein A – hemolytic
  • IV fluids/oxygen – sickle cell
  • Vitamin B 12 injections – B12 deficiency
  • Folic acid – folic acid deficiency
  • Ferrous sulfate – iron deficiency
21
Q

Immunocompromised

A

Lack of inflammatory, phagocytic, antibodies, and cytokine responses

fever may be the only sign. Pain without inflammation may be a cue.

22
Q

Neutropenia

A
  • Mild – 1000 – 1500 cells/microliter
  • Moderate – 500 – 1000 cells/microliter
  • Severe – < 500 cells/microliter
23
Q

Neutropenia causes

A
  • Overwhelming infection
  • Radiation
  • Inadequate production
  • Exposure to chemicals and drugs
24
Q

Malignant WBC disorders

A

Leukemia - large number of immature cells
Lymphoma - affects lymphocytes
Multiple myeloma - abnormal immunoglobulins

25
Q

AIDS

A
  • Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (retrovirus)
  • Depletes helper T cells, CD4 cells, and macrophages
  • Increased risk for opportunistic infections
  • Transmitted via body fluids, blood, or blood products
26
Q

Bleeding Disorders

A

Abnormality in stages of clotting
* Vasoconstriction
* Creation of platelet plug
* Development of clot
* Fibrinolysis

27
Q

Nursing Management Bleeding

A
  • Assess blood loss
  • Assess vital signs, hemodynamics, and perfusion
  • Assess for signs and symptoms of hypovolemia
  • Administer blood products and fluids
  • Administer topical agents as needed
28
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A
  • Decreased platelets (less than 100,000 cells/microliter)
  • Decreased production in the bone marrow
  • Increased destruction of platelets
  • Abnormal distribution of platelets

Tx: Platelet infusion
RF bleeding

29
Q

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

A

triggered by vessel injury

hemastasis

lots of mini clots form

no clotting factors left

BLEEDING

30
Q

DIC causes

A
  • Sepsis
  • Infection
  • Trauma (e.g., burns, crush)
  • Obstetric conditions (e.g., abruptio placentae, amniotic fluid
    embolus, retained dead fetus)
  • Hematological disorders
  • Oncological disorders
  • Other: shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome
31
Q

S/S DIC

A

Decreased perfusion to organs
* Changes in mental status
* Infarction of tissue in digits and nose

  • Overt bleeding or oozing
  • Occult bleeding

Signs of platelet deficiency
* Gingival bleeding
* Petechiae
* Ecchymosis

32
Q

Tx DIC

A

Adm blood - pplatelets, ffp, etc.
Stop abnormal coagulation - heparin

33
Q

Myeloma

A

Cancer of plasma cells

Bone pain

34
Q

Test for DIC

A

D dimer

35
Q

Primary Immuno deficency

A

Born with it

36
Q

Autoimmunity

A

Sometimes the immune system makes a mistake and attacks the body’s own tissues or organs.

37
Q

humoral and cell mediated immunity

A

work together

38
Q

Increased Bleeding in Critically Ill

A

Trauma
Meds - GI bleed

39
Q

Decreased Production of RBC

A

lack of nutrition
chronic conditions- anemia
fluid overload (dilution of RBC)

40
Q

Destruction RBC

A

genetic
autoimmunity (hemolytics)
DIC

41
Q

What does a shift left mean (bacterial infection)

A

Increase number of band neutrophils compared to mature neutrophils

42
Q

Bands

A

Immature neutrophils

43
Q

Decrease neutrophils causes

A

Cancer
Cancer Tx
Immunotherapy
Viral Infection
AIDS

44
Q

T cells for

A

Viral Infection

45
Q

RF for GVHD (graft versus host)

A

old age
aplastic anemia
prior GVHD

46
Q

GVHD priority care

A

prevent infection

47
Q

S/S GVHD - THINK TRANSPLANT

A

mucositis
rash
weight loss
xerostomia
photosensitivity
joint pain

Critical Care (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions