Cardiac Interventions and Valvular Disorders Flashcards
Anticoagulants
Aspirin
Plavix
Heparin
Lab: aPTT
Antidote: Protamine Sulfate
Warfarin
Lab: PT INR
Antidote; Vit K
Thrombolytics
Dissolve blood clots to restore blood flow
reduces mortality of STEMI
Betablockers
Decrease HR BP and myocardial O2 consumption
ACE inhibitors
unstable angina
Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator
Used to treat tachydysrhythmias
IF SHOCKED CALL DOC
Interventions: Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Angioplasty - balloon in vessel
Intracoronary Stenting- similar to angio, but leaves the stent behind. Requires anti platelet therapy
Coronary Artery Bypass
Uses an artery or vein to bypass an occluded vessel & reestablish blood flow to a portion of the
myocardium
Saphenous Vein
Internal Mammary artery
Radial Artery
Valvular ♡ Disease
Abnormal blood flow across cardiac valves
Causes: Rheumatic Disease, aging degeneration, cardiac hypertrophy, infective endocarditis, congenital, papillary muscle dysfunction
Valvar Dysfunction
Papillary muscle rupture
◦ Can be linked to MI, ischema
◦ Leads to mitral valve regurgitation
Regurgitation
◦ Leaflets do not close securely causing a backflow of blood
◦ This causes increased volume (pressure) proximal to the valve
Stenosis
◦ Valve orifice is restricted thereby impeding forward flow of blood
◦ Increased pressure is needed to overcome resistance
POST Cardiovascular support
Assess for hypovolemia
Hypotension
Hemodynamics
Re warm
Pain relief
Wean from vent
Assess wounds
Increase activity
Provide emotional support
Endocarditis
Microorganisms attach to the endocardial surface and valve
Causes: IV drug use, systemic infection
Tx: ABX
Aortic Aneurysm
Localized dilation of an artery
fusiform aneurysm
entire proportion of artery is dilated
abdominal aorta d/t atherosclerosis
