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Critical Care > Acute Respiratory Failure > Flashcards

Acute Respiratory Failure Flashcards

1
Q

ARF ABGS room air

A

PaO2 < 60 mm Hg
PaCO2 > 50 mm Hg
pH ≤ 7.30

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2
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low oxygen in tissues

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3
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low oxygen in blood

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4
Q

Hypoxemia leads to

A

Hypoxia
results from impaired has exchange

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5
Q

Extrapulmonary

A

Cause is outside of lungs

Brain, spinal cord, neuromuscular system
*HYPOventilation

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6
Q

Intrapulmonary

A

Caused by factors INSIDE the lungs
*Lower airways, alveoli, pulmonary circulation

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7
Q

Secondary Causes

A

Decrease in ventilatory drive
* Decreased muscle strength
*Change in chest wall elasticity (compliance)
*Change in lung’s ability to maintain gas exchange
*Increase in airway resistance or increase in metabolic oxygen demands

PAIN SEDATION

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8
Q

hypoventilation

A

Increased CO2 created by tissues is able to be delivered to the lungs, but not released

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9
Q

Normal Ventilation V

A

4 L/min

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10
Q

Normal perfusion Q

A

5 L/min

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11
Q

Normal V/Q

A

4/5

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12
Q

Intrapulmonary shunting

A

Blood gets to arteries but no gas exchange occurs.

Atelectasis, pneumonia, pulmonary edema

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13
Q

The first sign in respiratory failure

A

Change in LOC

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14
Q

Treatment ARF

A

Correct hypoxemia

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15
Q

SIMV - synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation mode

A

Frequency of mandatory ventilator
breaths is slowly decreased which
requires the patient to gradually take
over their own work of breathing

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16
Q

PSV - pressure support

A

Provides positive pressure during
the inspiratory phase to support tidal
volumes and decrease work of
breathing

17
Q

Pharmacology for ARF

A

Mucolytics, Bronchodilators, Corticosteroids, sedation, neuromuscular blocker, transfusion

18
Q

Complications of Hypoxemia/ Ventilation

A

Ischemia, Cardiac Dysrhythmia, Thromboembolism, GI bleeding, VAP

19
Q

Nursing for VAP

A

HOB 30-45
Assess readiness to extubate
GI stress ulcer
Oral care

Critical Care (20 decks)

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