Final Exam Flashcards
Assault
Intentional Harm or threatening harm
Battery
Occurs with failure to obtain informed consent
V fib / V tach Tx:
Epi and SHOCK
PEA - asystole
CPR NO SHOCK
Bradycardia Tx:
Atropine/Dopamine/Epi
Tachycardia Tx:
BB and Cardioversion
Torsades Tx:
Magnesium
Dopamine is effective for
HYPOTENSION
when client does not have hypovolemia
PaCO2 for Hyperventilation
Respiratory Alkalosis
Acid being blown out
PaCO2 for Hypoventilation
Respiratory Acidosis
Acid being held in
PaCO2 for DKA
Metabolic Acidosis
Vent Bundle
- HOB 30 degrees
- Ulcer Prevention (PPI)
- Oral Care (q2-3)
- DVT prevention
- Weaning
Client is having difficult weaning look at
hemoglobin
Factors that cause reduced respirations promotes respiratory acidosis
Failure of ventilation and accumulation of carbon dioxide
(Airways - Asthma & COPD - cant blow acid out)
Chest tubes can cause
pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax
can cause deviated trachea
Complications of ET tube
- ETT displacement
- Tracheal Injury
- Oral/ Nasal Injury
- Barotrauma – injury because of air or body pressure
- Volutrauma – overdistention of the lung
- O2 toxicity
- VAP
Safety is improved with a focus on
alarms
Tubing connections for arterial lines
should be tight
Clients with enteral feedings should have HOB at
30 degrees to prevent aspiration and pneumonia
Prevent VAP
If a client has a unilateral respiratory condition,
good lung down will promote perfusion.
ARDS occurs because of
increased capillary permeability
- Fluid builds up in alveoli, leaves no room for air. Causes from infection and injury. Tx; increase Blood oxygen levels, breathing support.
Hypoxemia S/S and Tx
S/S DLOC, restlessness, decreased tissue perfusion, tachypnea, increased HR then decreased, headache, pallor, cyanosis
Tx: Meds: Bronchodilators & steroids, diuretics (get rid of fluid in lung), Oxygen
LOW OXYGEN IN BLOOD
Client to be weaned from vet
- RR <25
- FiO2 <40%
- SpO2 >90%
- SBP 100-150, DBP 60-90
- HR 60-100 BPM
- Sedation weaned
- Acceptable labs for 24 hours
What meds lower K in blood
Diuretics (Mannitol), Laxatives, Insulin, ACE, ARBS, Sodium polystyrene sulfonate, Glucocorticoids
What med causes vasodilation of kidney
DOPAMINE
Pain on urination and bacteria in the urine could indicate
post renal injury
Decreased CO s/s
- Fatigue
- Edema of arms and legs
- SOB
- Abdominal Pain
Client taking amlodipine should avoid
grapefruit juice
Hypovolemia S/S
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Low BP
MI Interventions
-EKG – STEMI versus NSTEMI
-MONA (Monitor Pain, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin)
-STEMI – goal is to reperfusion therapy is 90 minutes door to balloon time, fibrinolytic therapy in patients with no contraindications who present within 12 hrs of onset of symptoms
R sided ♡ failure
Body edema
L sided ♡ failure
pulmonary edema
Patho of MI
MI – thrombotic occlusion of artery caused by rupture of plaque. Ischemia to infarction.
A coronary artery bypass graft will be done for
significant blockage to the left main coronary artery.
In ACLS, know what follows defibrillation
- After D fib continue compressions for 2 minutes
Im ACLS, know what follows 2 min of CPR
- After 2 min CPR do pulse check.
Increasing HOB
decreased ICP
High PaCO2 and low PaO2 causes
vasodilation in brain
CPP
MAP – ICP
MAP
SBP + 2 DBP
3
MAP
SBP + 2 DBP
3
During a splenectomy there is an
increased PLT count (150,000- 400,000)
Erythropoietin stimulated
RBC production
Passive immunity
body recieves antibodies
Active immunity
produces own antibodies
When client is not tolerating enteral feeding
Stop feeding
PPI’s
Used to decrease acid in stomach
For Peptic ulcers
Does not cause hypokalemia
Malfunctioning liver
Produces few clotting factors
NO HYPERCOAGULATION
Famotidine
Histamine 2 receptor for Peptic ulcers
When ascites occurs with pancreatitis
Monitor for BP and dehydration
Give fluids at greater than 10 mL per hour
What causes peptic ulcers
HYPOVOLEMIA – ISCHEMIA OF GI – PEPTIC ULCERS
INCREASED GASTRIC SECRETIONS – PEPTIC ULCERS
Med for adrenal crisis
Glucocorticoid
Glucocorticoid can cause
peptic ulcers - adm PPI (omeprazole)
PPI electrolyte imbalances
hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, and hyponatremia.
SIADH
SIADH: decreased urine output, fluid overload, decreased serum sodium levels
Minor (green) MCI
Can walk and open commands
Decreased (black) MCI
no respiration after head tilt
Immediate (red) MCI
respirations over 30 or radial pulse absent or unable to follow commands
Large volume of blood/fluid replacement can lead to
ARDS
increased cap permeability in lungs
Primary Survey (1-2 min)
A - airway
B - breathing
C - circulation
D - disability (neuro)
E - expose
Atropine is for
Bradycardia
GO OVER FLUID RESUSCITATION PROBLEMS
